Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of distinguishably detecting two biomarkers with cross-reactivity in a biological sample. The method comprises providing two sensor units specific to the two biomarkers, respectively; obtaining binding affinities of a series of known concentrations of the two biomarkers to the sensor units, respectively; contacting the biological sample with the two sensor units to produce two signals; and calculating the concentrations of the two biomarkers in the biological sample with the two signals and the binding affinities.

Abstract: A method includes forming a plurality of low-k dielectric layers over a semiconductor substrate, forming a first plurality of dummy stacked structures extending into at least one of the plurality of low-k dielectric layers, forming a plurality of non-low-k dielectric layers over the plurality of low-k dielectric layers, and forming a second plurality of dummy stacked structures extending into the plurality of non-low-k dielectric layers. The second plurality of dummy stacked structures are over and connected to corresponding ones of the first plurality of dummy stacked structures. The method further includes etching the plurality of non-low-k dielectric layers, the plurality of low-k dielectric layers, and the semiconductor substrate to form a via opening. The via opening is encircled by the first plurality of dummy stacked structures and the second plurality of dummy stacked structures. The via opening is then filled to form a through-via.

Abstract: In some variations, this disclosure provides a surface-modified hydrophobic clay composition for an ink formulation, the composition comprising up to 99 wt % clay particles with a particle-size distribution characterized in that at least 10% are smaller than 0.2 microns, at least 25% are smaller than 0.5 microns, and at least 95% are less than 5 microns; and from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of one or more organic compounds selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, organic acids, fatty acids, organic silanes, or organic polysilanes. The surface-modified hydrophobic clay composition may be produced by various methods, including a slurry method or a dry-mixing method. Ink clay loadings in heatset ink formulations may be increased to 10-15% without losing ink gloss. Inks may be produced with lower solvent, resin, and/or pigment concentrations, thereby reducing cost.

Abstract: In some variations, this disclosure provides a surface-modified hydrophobic clay composition for an ink formulation, the composition comprising up to 99 wt % clay particles with a particle-size distribution characterized in that at least 10% are smaller than 0.2 microns, at least 25% are smaller than 0.5 microns, and at least 95% are less than 5 microns; and from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of one or more organic compounds selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, organic acids, fatty acids, organic silanes, or organic polysilanes. The surface-modified hydrophobic clay composition may be produced by various methods, including a slurry method or a dry-mixing method. Ink clay loadings in heatset ink formulations may be increased to 10-15% without losing ink gloss. Inks may be produced with lower solvent, resin, and/or pigment concentrations, thereby reducing cost.

Abstract: A surface-modified hydrophobic clay composition for an ink formulation comprises up to 99 wt % clay particles with a particle-size distribution characterized in that at least 10% are smaller than 0.2 microns, at least 25% are smaller than 0.5 microns, and at least 95% are less than 5 microns; and from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of one or more organic compounds selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, organic acids, fatty acids, organic silanes, or organic polysilanes. The surface-modified hydro-phobic day composition may be produced by various methods, including a slurry method or a dry-mixing method. Ink clay loadings in heatset ink formulations may be increased to 10-15% without losing ink gloss. Inks may be produced with lower solvent, resin, and/or pigment concentrations, thereby reducing cost.

Abstract: Pigment suitable for use in coating compositions for inkjet recording media. Surfaces of an inorganic particulate are interacted with a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt in an aqueous medium. The treated particle surfaces have a significant cationic surface charge imparted to them. The salt is a salt of a metal of Group II or Group III of the Periodic Table. Inkjet recording media treated with a coating composition containing the above pigment provide high density, fast-drying, and non-feathering ink images with suitable water fastness, while the coating compositions also offer cost advantages and improved rheology at higher pigment levels over coatings based on silica pigments.

Abstract: Pigment suitable for use in coating compositions for inkjet recording media. Surfaces of an inorganic particulate are interacted with a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt in an aqueous medium. The treated particle surfaces have a significant cationic surface charge imparted to them. The salt is a salt of a metal of Group II or Group III of the Periodic Table. Inkjet recording media treated with a coating composition containing the above pigment provide high density, fast-drying, and non-feathering ink images with suitable water fastness, while the coating compositions also offer cost advantages and improved rheology at higher pigment levels over coatings based on silica pigments.

Abstract: Pigment suitable for use in coating compositions for inkjet recording media. Surfaces of an inorganic particulate are interacted with a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt in an aqueous medium. The treated particle surfaces have a significant cationic surface charge imparted to them. The salt is a salt of a metal of Group II or Group III of the Periodic Table. Inkjet recording media treated with a coating composition containing the above pigment provide high density, fast-drying, and non-feathering ink images with suitable water fastness, while the coating compositions also offer cost advantages and improved rheology at higher pigment levels over coatings based on silica pigments.

Abstract: A pixel structure of a transflective LCD disposed between a first data line and a second data line. The pixel structure comprises a reflective cell and a transmission cell. The transistor comprises a gate coupled to a scan line, a source coupled to the first data line, and a drain coupled to the first reflective electrode. The first transistor is covered by the first reflective electrode. The transmission cell comprises a second transistor and a transparent electrode. The second transistor comprises a gate coupled to the scan line, a source coupled to the second data line, and a drain coupled to the transparent electrode. The second transistor is covered by a second reflective electrode.

Abstract: A method for driving a transflective LCD. In the present invention, the transflective LCD has a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and each pixel includes a reflective cell and a transmission cell. The reflective cell and transmission cells are driven by different transistors. In the method of the present invention, all the first switching devices are turned on and the first driving voltages are then applied to the reflective cells in turn. After that, all the second switching devices are turned on and the second driving voltages are then applied to the transmission cells in turn. The first driving voltages are applied to the reflective cells in turn and the second driving voltages are applied to the transmission cells in turn in one frame period.

Abstract: A pixel structure of a transflective LCD disposed between a first data line and a second data line. The pixel structure comprises a reflective cell and a transmission cell. The transistor comprises a gate coupled to a scan line, a source coupled to the first data line, and a drain coupled to the first reflective electrode. The first transistor is covered by the first reflective electrode. The transmission cell comprises a second transistor and a transparent electrode. The second transistor comprises a gate coupled to the scan line, a source coupled to the second data line, and a drain coupled to the transparent electrode. The second transistor is covered by a second reflective electrode.

Abstract: Pigment suitable for use in coating compositions for inkjet recording media. Surfaces of an inorganic particulate are interacted with a water-soluble polyvalent metal salt in an aqueous medium. The treated particle surfaces have a significant cationic surface charge imparted to them. The salt is a salt of a metal of Group II or Group III of the Periodic Table. Inkjet recording media treated with a coating composition containing the above pigment provide high density, fast-drying, and non-feathering ink images with suitable water fastness, while the coating compositions also offer cost advantages and improved rheology at higher pigment levels over coatings based on silica pigments.

Abstract: A wide-viewing angle display device serves as a multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device or an in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device. A plurality of protrusions is formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate, and an electrode array is formed on the tops of the protrusions. Thus, the electrodes are suspended in the liquid crystal cell gap, and a transverse electrical field is generated by the electrodes to drive the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A transflective LCD. The transflective LCD includes multiple pixels. Each pixel includes a reflective cell and a transmission cell. The reflective cell has a first storage capacitor and a first active device, receiving a first driving voltage and coupling to the first capacitor. The transmission cell has a second storage capacitor and a second active device, receiving a second driving voltage and coupling to the second capacitor. Different from only single driving voltage in conventional transflective LCD, the first driving voltage and the second voltage are generated according to a reflective gamma curve and a transmission gamma curve respectively.

Abstract: A method for driving a transflective LCD. In the present invention, the transflective LCD has a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and each pixel includes a reflective cell and a transmission cell. The reflective cell and transmission cells are driven by different transistors. In the method of the present invention, all the first switching devices are turned on and the first driving voltages are then applied to the reflective cells in turn. After that, all the second switching devices are turned on and the second driving voltages are then applied to the transmission cells in turn. The first driving voltages are applied to the reflective cells in turn and the second driving voltages are applied to the transmission cells in turn in one frame period.

Abstract: A wide-viewing angle display device serves as a multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device or an in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device. A plurality of protrusions is formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate, and an electrode array is formed on the tops of the protrusions. Thus, the electrodes are suspended in the liquid crystal cell gap, and a transverse electrical field is generated by the electrodes to drive the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously fabricating a photospacer and a bump applicable on a substrate with a photoresist layer formed thereon. A photomask is provided with a first mask pattern and a second mask pattern thereon, wherein the first mask pattern for the formation of the bump includes a plurality of light-shielding units constituting a first shape, and the second mask pattern for the formation of the photospacer is composed of a light-shielding pattern with a second shape. The photomask is then applied on the photoresist layer to perform photolithography, thereby fabricating the photospacer and the bump simultaneously. According to the method, only one photolithography step is required to fabricate the photospacer and bump of different thickness, such that yield is increased and cost is lowered.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has at least one concave structure formed on one of pixel and electrode layers in each pixel area. Between the electrode layer having concave structures and a substrate is a passivation layer that is dented by the concave structures. The concave structures form multiple domains for each pixel. One of the electrode layers may be formed with bump structures or openings combining with fringe field effect to provide pre-tilting of liquid crystals to enhance the effect of multiple domains. Each concave structure in a pixel area can have a different top view, cross-sectional view or three-dimensional structure. The concave structure can be formed by existing manufacturing process. One mask rubbing process or photo-aligned method may be used to align liquid crystals for the display in cooperation with the concave structures.

Abstract: A transflective LCD. The transflective LCD includes multiple pixels. Each pixel includes a reflective cell and a transmission cell. The reflective cell has a first storage capacitor and a first active device, receiving a first driving voltage and coupling to the first capacitor. The transmission cell has a second storage capacitor and a second active device, receiving a second driving voltage and coupling to the second capacitor. The first driving voltage and the second voltage are generated according to a reflective gamma curve and a trans gamma curve respectively.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display has at least one wall bump structure formed on one of pixel and common electrode layers. Each wall bump structure has a plurality of boundaries and the opposite sides of the boundaries are not parallel to each other. One of the electrode layers may be formed with openings. The non-parallel boundaries of the wall bump structures cause various pre-tilted directions for the liquid crystals filling the gap between two substrates. The viewing angle of the liquid crystal display is increased and the stability of the multi-domain effect is enhanced with the wall bump structures. The liquid crystals may be aligned vertically, horizontally, tilted with an angle, or reverse tilted with an angle using a mask rubbing process or a photo aligned method. If wall bump structures are formed on both pixel and common electrode layers, they may overlap each other.