Abstract: A foamed sheet includes an aliphatic polyester resin and a filler. A degree of hydrophohization of the filler is 50% by mass or more, and a pH of the filler is 6.5 or lower. A manufacture includes the foamed sheet and a method can be used for producing the foamed sheet.

Abstract: An aliphatic polyester resin composition including: an aliphatic polyester resin; and calcium carbonate, wherein an amount of the calcium carbonate in the aliphatic polyester resin composition is 20% by mass or more, a number average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate in the aliphatic polyester resin composition is 0.20 ?m or more but less than 0.40 ?m, and a standard deviation of the number average particle diameter is 0.3 or more but 0.6 or less.

Abstract: A polylactic acid composition includes polylactic acid and a filler. An amount of the filler in the polylactic acid composition is 50% by mass or less, and the polylactic acid in the polylactic acid composition has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 150,000 or more and a molecular weight distribution (Mn/Mw) of 1.5 or more but 2.0 or less.

Abstract: An aliphatic polyester resin composition including: an aliphatic polyester resin; and calcium carbonate, wherein an amount of the calcium carbonate in the aliphatic polyester resin composition is 20% by mass or more, a number average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate in the aliphatic polyester resin composition is 0.20 ?m or more but less than 0.40 ?m, and a standard deviation of the number average particle diameter is 0.3 or more but 0.6 or less.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyimide precursor, including: reacting tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following General Formula (1) with a diamine compound represented by the following General Formula (2) in a compressive fluid to thereby produce a polyimide precursor represented by the following Formula (3): where, X in the General Formulae (1) and (3) denotes a tetravalent aromatic group or a tetravalent alicyclic group, Y in the General Formulae (2) and (3) denotes a divalent organic group, and n denotes the number of repetitions.

Abstract: Provided is a resin composition including at least: polyolefin in an amount of from 50% by mass to 90% by mass; an electro-conductive agent; and a compound represented by General Formula (1) below, In General Formula (1), R is preferably a divalent group having a number overage molecular weight of 1,000 or greater and derived from acrylic polymer.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyimide precursor, including: reacting tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following General Formula (1) with a diamine compound represented by the following General Formula (2) in a compressive fluid to thereby produce a polyimide precursor represented by the following Formula (3): where, X in the General Formulae (1) and (3) denotes a tetravalent aromatic group or a tetravalent alicyclic group, Y in the General Formulae (2) and (3) denotes a divalent organic group, and n denotes the number of repetitions.

Abstract: A developing roller to bear toner thereon is provided. The developing roller includes a cylindrical electroconductive substrate; an electroconductive elastic layer located on a peripheral surface of the cylindrical electroconductive substrate; and a toner bearing layer located on a peripheral surface of the electroconductive elastic layer. The toner bearing layer includes a polyurethane resin, which is a reaction product of at least an isocyanate compound having an isocyanurate structure and a polyol at a NCO/OH molar ratio of from 90 to 110. The toner bearing layer has a water contact angle of from 135° to 155°, and a static friction coefficient of from 0.10 to 0.15.

Abstract: A polymer is provided. The polymer includes a polymer chain; and a saccharide bonded with the polymer chain. The polymer does not substantially include an organic solvent and a metal atom, and includes a residual monomer in an amount of not greater than 1,000 ppm, which is relatively small compared to the amount of residual monomer in a polymer prepared by a conventional method. The polymer is preferably used for a clathrate, a sheet, and an aqueous dispersion of the sheet.

Abstract: Provided is a resin composition including at least: polyolefin in an amount of from 50% by mass to 90% by mass; an electro-conductive agent; and a compound represented by General Formula (1) below, In General Formula (1), R is preferably a divalent group having a number overage molecular weight of 1,000 or greater and derived from acrylic polymer.

Abstract: A developing roller to bear toner thereon is provided. The developing roller includes a cylindrical electroconductive substrate; an electroconductive elastic layer located on a peripheral surface of the cylindrical electroconductive substrate; and a toner bearing layer located on a peripheral surface of the electroconductive elastic layer. The toner bearing layer includes a polyurethane resin, which is a reaction product of at least an isocyanate compound having an isocyanurate structure and a polyol at a NCO/OH molar ratio of from 90 to 110. The toner bearing layer has a water contact angle of from 135° to 155°, and a static friction coefficient of from 0.10 to 0.15.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-magnetic toner for use in developing electrostatic toner image, wherein the toner is produced by a toner production method that includes: dispersing in an aqueous medium an organic dispersion liquid that comprises in an organic solvent a pigment, a binder resin and/or a binder resin precursor, and a releasing agent; removing the organic solvent to prepare a dispersion slurry in which toner particles are dispersed in the aqueous medium; heating the dispersion slurry to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the releasing agent; and washing the toner particles.

Abstract: A method for preparing a toner including toner particles is provided. The toner preparation method includes preparing a toner component liquid including at least a binder resin, a colorant and an organic solvent; mixing a resin A having a solubility of less than 2.0 g/100 g in water having a pH of 3.0 at 25° C. while having a solubility of not less than 2.0 g/100 g, a basic material, and water to prepare an aqueous phase liquid, in which the resin A is dissolved; forming droplets of the toner component liquid in the aqueous phase liquid; and removing the organic solvent from the droplets of the toner component liquid to prepare the toner particles.

Abstract: An image developer, including a developer container containing a developer developing a latent image on a latent image bearer; a developer bearer bearing the developer, located close to or contacting the latent image bearer; and a developer feeding and collection roller feeding the developer onto the developer bearer and scraping the developer therefrom, rotating while contacting thereto with pressure, wherein the developer feeding and collection roller includes an inner layer formed of an electroconductive foamed rubber; and an outer layer formed of an insulative foamed rubber, and wherein the following relationship is satisfied: ??T wherein ? represents a compression amount of the pressure of the developer feeding and collection roller to the developer bearer; and T represents a thickness of the outer layer, and wherein an offset voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the charged developer is applied to the developer feeding and collection roller.

Abstract: A toner for developing a latent electrostatic image produced by suspension polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium, wherein the polymerizable monomer composition contains a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, and a layered inorganic mineral in which at least a part of an interlayer ion is replaced with an organic ion, and a process cartridge and an image forming method using the toner.

Abstract: A semiconductive member including an alkali metal salt having the formula (M)n.X in a surface layer thereof. M represents Na+, K+, or Li+; X represents Cl?, Br?, I?, F?, CH3COO?, CF3COO?, CH(COOH)CHCOO?, (CHCOO?)2, CH2(COOH)CH2COO?, (CH2COO?)2, (HOOC)Ar(COO?), Ar(COO?)2, (HOOC)2Ar(COO?), (HOOC)Ar(COO?)2, Ar(COO?)3, (HOOC)3Ar(COO?), (HOOC)2Ar(COO?)2, (HOOC)Ar(COO?)3, Ar(COO?)4, Ar—SO3?, Ar(SO3?)2, an oligomer or a polymer having an acrylic acid anion unit, or an oligomer or a polymer having an methacrylic acid anion unit; Ar represents a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or a biphenyl ring; and n is a numeral equivalent to the anionic valence of X.

Abstract: A toner including a resin having a polyester skeleton, a coloring agent, a vinyl based copolymer resin, and a releasing agent, wherein the toner is manufactured by dissolving or dispersing a resin including the resin having a polyester skeleton and a mixture of the vinyl based copolymer resin and the releasing agent in an organic solvent to obtain a lysate and/or a dispersion material, dispersing the lysate and/or the dispersion material in an aqueous medium to obtain a liquid dispersion and removing the organic solvent from the liquid dispersion.

Abstract: A conductive composition including a matrix resin comprising a thermoplastic resin, a conductive agent comprising a carbon black having an amine value of 1 to 100 mgKOH/g, and a stiffening agent comprising an acid anhydride, a carboxylic acid, or a compound having an epoxy group.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles comprising a binder resin, a coloring agent and a wax. The toner particles are prepared by agglomerating and/or fusing at least two kinds of resin particulates and particles of the coloring agent dispersed in an aqueous medium. A first resin particulate among the at least two kinds of resin particulates contains a resin having a polyester skeleton and the wax. At least 50% by weight of the binder resin is polyester resins.

Abstract: A developing roller including: an electrically-conductive base; an elastic layer formed on an outer circumference of the electrically-conductive base; and a toner bearing layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the toner bearing layer contains a polyurethane resin having an isocyanurate structure, and wherein the polyurethane resin has a ratio A/B of 1.0 to 10.0 where A denotes absorbance attributed to C?O of cyanurate and B denotes absorbance attributed to C?O of urethane in an infrared absorption spectrum of the polyurethane resin obtained by an ATR method.