Abstract: Provided is an LC resonance voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) used for a multi-band multi-mode wireless transceiver. In order to generate a multi-band frequency, a capacitor bank and a switchable inductor are included in the LC resonance voltage-controlled oscillator. The LC resonance voltage-controlled oscillator employs an adjustable emitter-degeneration negative resistance cell in place of tail current sources in order to compensate for non-uniform oscillation amplitude caused by the capacitor bank and prevent the degradation of a phase noise due to the tail current sources.

Abstract: A wide-band multimode frequency synthesizer using a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is provided. The multiband frequency synthesizer includes a multimode prescaler, a phase detector/a charge pump, a swallow type frequency divider, and a switching bank LC tuning voltage-controlled oscillator having wide-band and low phase noise characteristics. The multimode prescaler operates in five modes and divides a signal up to 12 GHz. The wide-band frequency synthesizer can be used in various fields such as WLAN/HYPERLAN/DSRC/UWB systems that operate in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 9 GHz.

Abstract: An ESD protection device with a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) structure which is applied to a nano-device-based high-speed I/O interface circuit and semiconductor substrate operated by a low power voltage. The triple-well low-voltage-triggered ESD protection device includes: a deep n-type well formed on a p-type substrate; n- and p-type wells formed to be mutually connected in the deep n-type well; and a bias application region for applying a direct bias voltage to the p-type well.

Abstract: Provided is an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit using a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), which is applied to a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC).

Abstract: Provided are a current cell and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) using the same. The current cell includes a current source; a first transistor transmitting a current produced from the current source to a first output node based on a first signal; a second transistor transmitting a current produced from the current source to a second output node based on a second signal; a first capacitor coupled between a gate of the first transistor and the second output node; and a second capacitor coupled between a gate of the second transistor and the first output node. A current mode DAC can improve in dynamic performance by using a plurality of current cells each having the above-described configuration.

Abstract: Provided is an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit using a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), which is applied to a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC). A semiconductor substrate has a triple well structure such that a bias is applied to a p-well corresponding to a substrate of a ggNMOS device. Thus, a trigger voltage of the SCR is reduced. In addition, two discharge paths are formed using two SCRs comprised of PNP and NPN bipolar transistors, with the result that the ESD protection circuit can have great discharge capacity.

Abstract: Provided is a low-reference-current generator that includes a circuit employing two feedback loops enabling it to operate even at a low voltage, has a high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) to control power supply noise, and simply forms a voltage without a voltage-to-current converter used in a conventional general reference current generator. The reference current generator includes: a first voltage generator receiving a predetermined current and generating a first voltage that decreases as temperature increases; a second voltage generator generating a second voltage that increases as temperature increases; a first current generator generating a first current corresponding to the first voltage; a second current generator generating a second current corresponding to the second voltage; and a reference current generator receiving the first current and the second current and generating a reference current that is the sum of the first current and the second current.