Abstract: A passively transformable wheel includes a wheel base including a centrally positioned transmitter rotation shaft and one or more passive leg rotation shafts positioned in the outer periphery; a force transmitter rotatably coupled to an end of the transmitter rotation shaft, the force transmitter including a trigger slide and one or more passive leg joints spaced apart from one another; a trigger leg arranged between the wheel base and the force transmitter and rotatably coupled to the trigger leg rotation shaft, the trigger leg including a trigger joint fitted to the trigger slide; and one or more passive legs arranged between the wheel base and the force transmitter so as not to interfere with the trigger leg and rotatably coupled to the passive leg rotation shafts, the passive legs including one or more passive leg slides engaging with the passive leg joints of the force transmitter.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a metal structure in which an array of a plurality of pin arrangements is formed on a surface of a metal, in which the method includes: performing a laser processing along a route between pin regions in which the pins are to be formed on a metal base material to form a dross on the pin regions, and repeating the laser processing. As the dross formed in each pin region is repeatedly cast and recast during the repetitive laser processing, the recast layer is formed in a shape of the pin.

Abstract: A passively transformable wheel includes a wheel base including a centrally positioned transmitter rotation shaft and one or more passive leg rotation shafts positioned in the outer periphery; a force transmitter rotatably coupled to an end of the transmitter rotation shaft, the force transmitter including a trigger slide and one or more passive leg joints spaced apart from one another; a trigger leg arranged between the wheel base and the force transmitter and rotatably coupled to the trigger leg rotation shaft, the trigger leg including a trigger joint fitted to the trigger slide; and one or more passive legs arranged between the wheel base and the force transmitter so as not to interfere with the trigger leg and rotatably coupled to the passive leg rotation shafts, the passive legs including one or more passive leg slides engaging with the passive leg joints of the force transmitter.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machining (EDM) system and a method for electrical discharge machining using the above-mentioned machining system, the EDM system includes a bed, and an EDM module disposed on the bed. The EDM module includes an electrode, a providing part, an electrode guide and a retrieving part. The electrode machines a die. The providing part provides the electrode to be used for machining the die. The electrode guide is disposed adjacent to the die and guides a transfer of the electrode. The retrieving part retrieves the electrode used for machining the die.

Abstract: A method of assessing three-dimensional volumetric errors of multiaxis machine tools in three-dimensional working space is disclosed. Each three-dimensional volumetric error component can be systematically measured and analyzed on the modeling of polynominal functions in accordance with the volumetric errors and the kinematic chain in accordence with the corresponding machine tool. The method inputs the measured radial data performed on the three orthogonal planes, analyzing the parametric errors such as positional, straightness, angular, squareness, and backlash errors. The positional error components along each of three orthogonal axes are modeled as a dimensionless polynominal function with corresponding positional error coefficients. The method also can assess dynamic performance of the machine tools such errors due to the servo gain mismatch. The method employs the kinematic ball bar to assess the volumetric errors.