Abstract: A communication system which has a plurality of mobile terminals and a base station, each of the mobile terminals and/or base station comprising a medium access control sub-layer, upper layers of the medium access control sub-layer, and a lower layer of the medium access control sub-layer, wherein the medium access control sub-layer is configured to perform self-basic functions in response to basic function execution requests or functions associated with the upper layers or lower layer in response to requests therefrom. According to the present invention, the communication system can provide a compatible multimedia communication service even if an originating terminal and a terminating terminal employ different communication manners, they are available from different manufacturers or they are operated by different communication service operators.

Abstract: A communication system which has a plurality of mobile terminals and a base station, each of the mobile terminals and/or base station comprising a medium access control sub-layer, upper layers of the medium access control sub-layer, and a lower layer of the medium access control sub-layer, wherein the medium access control sub-layer is configured to perform self-basic functions in response to basic function execution requests or functions associated with the upper layers or lower layer in response to requests therefrom. According to the present invention, the communication system can provide a compatible multimedia communication service even if an originating terminal and a terminating terminal employ different communication manners, they are available from different manufacturers or they are operated by different communication service operators.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recovering lost voice packets are provided, in which a packet loss detector determines whether a received packet has been lost, packet information storage stores voice information of previous voice packets and voice information of the received voice packet, a packet error corrector measures the voice information of the received voice packet, stores the measured voice information in the packet information storage, corrects the voice information when necessary, and generates a corrected voice packet, if the received voice packet is normal, and a packet loss recoverer recovers the voice information of the received voice packet using the voice information of previous voice packets stored in the packet information storage and generates a recovered voice packet, if the received voice packet has been lost.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting audio signals in such a manner that audio signals transmitted and received in a mobile telephone network are preprocessed before being inputted to a voice encoder are provided. The audio signals are preprocessed by using an optimal filter gain based on error signals obtained when the audio signals are preprocessed and outputted by the voice encoder and the synthesizer. Therefore, the sound quality of the audio signals is hardly degraded by the voice encoder.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for measuring electrical impedance comprising: two input electrodes contacted to a subject for measuring impedance; a difference amplifier to which two signals inputted to the two input electrodes are inputted; a device for extracting a common mode component of two signals inputted to the two input electrodes; the third electrode contacted to the subject for measuring impedance; the first multiplier to which the common mode component is inputted; the first filter coupled with the first multiplier; the second multiplier coupled with the first filter; wherein a feedback signal outputted from the second multiplier is inputted to the third electrode.

Abstract: The apparatus for fabricating an organic electroluminescent device which can distribute stress applied to the mask uniformly to form precise and reliable light emitting layers is disclosed. The apparatus for fabricating an electroluminescent device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of grippers disposed in a zigzag state at a periphery of a mask for clamping the mask, a plurality of jaws formed on each gripper and contacting with the mask, and power supplying units for supplying power to the grippers to stretch the mask. Each of the grippers is divided into a connecting section connected to the power supplying unit and a head section integrated into the connecting section, and a plurality of jaws are formed on the head section of each gripper, and odd (or even)-numbered grippers disposed at each side of the mask are disposed in a more forward position than even (or odd)-numbered grippers.

Abstract: The apparatus for fabricating organic electroluminescent device which can distribute stress applied to the mask uniformly is disclosed. The apparatus for fabricating an organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of grippers disposed at a periphery of a mask for clamping the mask; a plurality of jaws formed on each gripper and contacted with the mask; and power supplying units for supplying power to the grippers to stretch the mask. Each gripper consists of an upper section and a lower section, and at least two jaws each are formed on corresponding surfaces of the upper and lower sections. The jaws are arranged in a line on each gripper or in the zigzag state on each gripper. At this time, the jaws are arranged by equal distance from each other. Also, the jaws can be randomly arranged on the gripper.

Abstract: Provided is a voice packet rate converting method and apparatus. The rate of at least one first element of an input voice packet compressed at a first rate is converted to a second rate at a PCM level, and the rate of a second element of the input voice packet is converted to the second rate at a parameter level. An output voice packet compressed at the second rate is generated by combining the first element and second elements at the second rate.

Abstract: A voice packet forwarding apparatus and method is provided in a digital communication system including a switched vocoder module to directly pass a voice packet received from a packet terminal to a digital communication network or a PCM signal decoded from the voice packet to the digital communication network. The switched vocoder module is also provided to directly pass a voice packet received from the digital communication network to the packet terminal or transmit a voice packet coded from a PCM signal received from the digital communication network. In the presence of additional data to be transmitted to the packet terminal, a data inserter is provided to insert the additional data in the voice packet received from the switched vocoder module and transmit the voice packet with the additional data to the packet terminal. A controller is provided to control the switched vocoder module and the data inserter.

Abstract: A communication system which has a plurality of mobile terminals and a base station, each of the mobile terminals and/or base station comprising a medium access control sub-layer, upper layers of the medium access control sub-layer, and a lower layer of the medium access control sub-layer, wherein the medium access control sub-layer is configured to perform self-basic functions in response to basic function execution requests or functions associated with the upper layers or lower layer in response to requests therefrom. According to the present invention, the communication system can provide a compatible multimedia communication service even if an originating terminal and a terminating terminal employ different communication manners, they are available from different manufacturers or they are operated by different communication service operators.

Abstract: This invention relates to an organic electro-luminescence display device and a fabricating method thereof that are adaptive for improving an adhesion of a sealant used in an encapsulation process. An organic electro-luminescence display device according to the present invention includes: a substrate provided with an organic electro-luminescence array having first and second electrodes crossing each other with having an organic light-emitting layer therebetween; a cap adhered via a sealant to a seal line area; a plurality of signal lines connected to any one of the first and the second electrodes and located on the seal line area; and a dummy insulating pattern formed to cover any one of the signal lines, wherein a portion of the dummy insulating pattern is formed on the seal line area.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence device and a fabricating method thereof wherein an organic light-emitting layer can be provided at an accurate location to prevent a deterioration of picture quality. In the organic electro-luminescence device, a first barrier rib is provided between adjacent organic electro-luminescence cells along a first direction. A second barrier rib is provided between said adjacent organic electro-luminescence cells along a second direction and is positioned between the first barrier ribs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mask for an organic electro-luminescence device and a method of fabricating the same that is capable of forming an organic layer having a special color without a damage of an organic layer formed on a substrate. The mask for the organic electro-luminescence device includes: an open part formed in a hole type to pass an organic material for forming a first organic layer on a substrate; and a blocking part having a groove on a surface facing to at least one second organic layer formed on the substrate, wherein the groove has a width corresponding to a width of the second organic layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mask, a method of fabricating the same, and a method of fabricating organic electro-luminescence device using the same that is capable of minimizing a difference of a rigidity coefficient value of both an open part and an blocking part. The mask includes: an open part formed in a hole type to pass an organic material for forming a first organic layer on a substrate; and a blocking part having a plurality of grooves formed at other areas except for the open part.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for measuring electrical impedance comprising: two input electrodes contacted to a subject for measuring impedance; a difference amplifier to which two signals inputted to the two input electrodes are inputted; a device for extracting a common mode component of two signals inputted to the two input electrodes; the third electrode contacted to the subject for measuring impedance; the first multiplier to which the common mode component is inputted; the first filter coupled with lo the first multiplier; the second multiplier coupled with the first filter; wherein a feedback signal outputted from the second multiplier is inputted to the third electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus to compress a wide-band speech signal, the apparatus including a narrow-band speech compressor to compress a low-band speech signal of the wide-band speech signal and output the compressed low-band speech signal as a low-band speech packet; and a high-band speech compressor to compress a high-band speech signal of the wide-band speech signal using energy information of the low-band speech signal provided from the narrow-band speech compressor, and outputs the compressed high-band speech signal as a high-band speech packet.

Abstract: A dual damascene-based interconnect structure which includes a liner of aluminum-0.5% copper alloy. The alloy can be implemented by depositing the alloy using a conventional PVD technique. To completely secure against copper atoms possibly penetrating through the aluminum-0.5% copper alloy, one or more Ta/TaN liners can be employed in addition to the aluminum-0.5% copper alloy liner. If Ta/taN is to be used, preferably the Ta/TaN is deposited before the aluminum-0.5% copper alloy is deposited.

Abstract: A speech compression apparatus including: a first band-transform unit transforming a wideband speech signal to a narrowband low-band speech signal; a narrowband speech compressor compressing the narrowband low-band speech signal and outputting a result of the compressing as a low-band speech packet; a decompression unit decompressing the low-band speech packet and obtaining a decompressed wideband low-band speech signal; an error detection unit detecting an error signal that corresponds to a difference between the wideband speech signal and the decompressed wideband low-band speech signal; and a high-band speech compression unit compressing the error signal and a high-band speech signal of the wideband speech signal and outputting the result of the compressing as a high-band speech packet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for enhancing speech quality in digital communications. In the speech-quality enhancing apparatus, an input buffer stores a sum signal of a first input signal to be transmitted and an echo signal generated from a received second input signal at a predetermined time interval. An echo canceller receives the sum signal based on a unit of a buffer from the input buffer, cancels the echo signal from the sum signal, and outputs the first input signal. A noise canceller receives the first input signal based on the buffer unit from the echo canceller, and cancels a noise from the first input signal. A level controller receives the first input signal based on the buffer unit from the noise canceller, and adjusts a level of the first input signal. A speech compression module receives the first input signal based on the buffer unit from the level controller, converts the first input signal into a digital signal, and compresses the digital signal.

Abstract: The invention provides an algorithm for a methodology for interconnect design optimization by means of electromigration simulation. The algorithm provides for the capability to explore the effect of metal feature geometry, such as line width and height, a diffusion barrier (liner) material properties and thickness, via slop and corner rounding, and interconnect architecture (number of layers, feature density) on the probability of electromigration-induced and stressmigration-induced void nucleation. Implementation of all major driving forces for atom migration allows to predict a complete map of positions inside segments where void nucleation can be expected.