Abstract: A package comprises a body having a mounting surface so as to be mounted to an external surface, and a coil having at least 100 turns around a coil axis. A first end of the coil is oriented in a first direction substantially parallel to the mounting surface such that the first end is attachable to the external surface. The package includes a ferromagnetic element that extends along the coil axis such that the ferromagnetic element is magnetically coupled to the coil. The body is configured to house the coil and the ferromagnetic element.

Abstract: A package comprises a body having a mounting surface so as to be mounted to an external surface, and a coil having at least 100 turns around a coil axis. A first end of the coil is oriented in a first direction substantially parallel to the mounting surface such that the first end is attachable to the external surface. The package includes a ferromagnetic element that extends along the coil axis such that the ferromagnetic element is magnetically coupled to the coil. The body is configured to house the coil and the ferromagnetic element.

Abstract: An optical encoder is disclosed. Specifically, a reflective encoder is disclosed that includes an emitter configured to emit light, a first detector configured to receive a first portion of the light emitted by the emitter and convert the received first portion of the light into one or more electrical signals, the received first portion of the light at least one of passing through and being reflected by an optical track of a coding element. The reflective encoder also includes a second detector configured to receive second portion of the light emitted by the emitter and convert the received second portion of the light into one or more electrical signals, the emitter is positioned between the first detector and the second detector such that a first light path between the emitter and first detector is approximately a same distance as a second light path between the emitter and the second detector.