Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus may be utilized, for example, for a horizontally fixed organic material deposition equipment for manufacturing large-area displays. A substrate processing apparatus may include a titanium cooling plate having an upper surface and a lower surface; an electrostatic chuck including a first dielectric layer provided on the lower surface, an electrode layer provided on the first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer provided on the first dielectric layer and the electrode layer, and chucking a glass substrate using an electrostatic force; and a yoke plate positioned on the upper surface and chucking a mask using a magnetic force. The titanium cooling plate may further includes a first channel provided from the upper surface, a second channel provided from the first channel, and a titanium cover plate coupled to the first channel. The titanium cooling plate may provide a cooling flow path using the second channel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for synchronizing a block in a blockchain network. The apparatus synchronizes node information of existing participating nodes connected to a blockchain network by joining the blockchain network, determines synchronization target blocks by calculating the current section of a blockchain using an agreed-upon block received from the existing participating nodes, receives a block header of each section and the segment hash table of a snapshot that are verification data for verifying synchronization target data for the synchronization target blocks from participating nodes that are not connected as peers, among the existing participating nodes, generates a snapshot by receiving snapshot segments and the blocks of the current section, which are the synchronization target data, from participating nodes connected as peers, among the existing participating nodes, verifies the snapshot generated from the snapshot segments, and synchronizes the verified snapshot.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for electing a committee node in a blockchain. The apparatus for electing a committee node in a blockchain is configured to transmit a staking transaction including validator information to a blockchain system to register a validator node, generate a draw pool for electing a committee node based on the validator information, change entries of the draw pool using a predefined shuffling algorithm, select a preset number of top entries as votes of a committee member from among the entries of the shuffled draw pool, and elect, as the committee node, the validator node that has acquired votes of a committee.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for adding an additional chain to a blockchain. The method includes depositing, by a node of the blockchain, an asset corresponding to the additional chain; selecting the node as one of consensus nodes for connecting an additional block to the additional chain based on a share value corresponding to the asset; and performing, by the node, distributed consensus for connecting the additional block. Here, nodes constituting the blockchain include major shareholder nodes for processing transactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for providing an offloading service. A method of providing an offloading service according to an example embodiment includes streaming, to a user terminal including a cellular network receiver and a broadcast network receiver, media content data through a cellular network, transmitting, to the user terminal, an offloading service providing signal for activating the broadcast network receiver of the user terminal through the cellular network, transmitting, to the user terminal, a broadcast signal including connection information of a broadcast network to which the user terminal is to be connected so as to receive the media content data, through the cellular network, and broadcasting the media content data through the broadcast network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus of broadcast gateway signaling for channel bonding. The apparatus for broadcast gateway signaling includes an input formatting unit configured to generate baseband packets corresponding to channel bonding; and a stream partitioner configured to allocate the baseband packets to two or more RF channels of the channel bonding for generating an outer tunnel data stream, the outer tunnel data stream generated in different ways according to a plurality of operation modes for the channel bonding.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus of broadcast gateway signaling for channel bonding. The apparatus for broadcast gateway signaling includes an input formatting unit configured to generate baseband packets corresponding to channel bonding; and a stream partitioner configured to allocate the baseband packets to two or more RF channels of the channel bonding for generating an outer tunnel data stream, the outer tunnel data stream generated in different ways according to a plurality of operation modes for the channel bonding.

Abstract: A method of predicting joining strength of joined dissimilar materials, includes performing a joining strength test on a plurality of specimens of joined dissimilar materials each having different joining information, and acquiring force-displacement data on a basis of the joining information; constructing, in a prediction system, an artificial neural network model for predicting the force-displacement data and the joining strengths from the joining information; learning the artificial neural network model by inputting the force-displacement data to the prediction system, the force-displacement data obtained through the joining strength test; inputting joining information to be predicted to the prediction system by using a computer running a software for performing prediction for the joining strength and connected to a host computer of the prediction system through a network; and predicting, by the learned artificial neural network model, force-displacement value and joining strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a skin treatment apparatus using fractional plasma, in which a plasma generator includes an electrode plate, a dielectric body, a pin holder, a plurality of pins, and a gap maintaining part and further includes a lower support which includes a pin cover, vents, and an auxiliary gap maintaining part. According to the present invention, the plurality of pins are configured as independent electrodes to prevent concentration of plasma, ends of the plurality of pins are pointed to more smoothly generate plasma, the distances between the plurality of pins may be more reliably maintained using the pin cover, plasma generated by the plurality of pins may be evenly emitted onto the skin via the pin cover and vents without being concentrated on a curved region of the skin, and the auxiliary gap maintaining part moves in a vertical direction of the gap maintaining part to adjust a distance between the plurality of pins and the skin.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for providing an offloading service. A method of providing an offloading service according to an example embodiment includes streaming, to a user terminal including a cellular network receiver and a broadcast network receiver, media content data through a cellular network, transmitting, to the user terminal, an offloading service providing signal for activating the broadcast network receiver of the user terminal through the cellular network, transmitting, to the user terminal, a broadcast signal including connection information of a broadcast network to which the user terminal is to be connected so as to receive the media content data, through the cellular network, and broadcasting the media content data through the broadcast network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a skin treatment apparatus using plasma. A plasma generator (400) comprises an electrode plate (420), an upper dielectric body (430), independent electrode portions (440) and a lower dielectric body (450). The independent electrode portion is an FPCB or a silver paste positioned a fixed distance away. According to the present invention, the electrode portions each independently work and thus prevent unevenness of plasma and enable the plasma to be generated evenly. According to the present invention, the plasma generator having such configuration is easily formed into a convex shape, and a convex plasma generator is suitable for a curved skin object such as the palm. The convex plasma generator can generate more even plasma and is particularly more effective for a long cylindrical object to be treated, such as the woman's vagina.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a skin treatment apparatus using plasma, in which a plasma generator includes an electrode plate an upper dielectric body independent electrode parts and a lower dielectric body. The independent electrode parts are a plurality of pieces of silver paste or flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) which are spaced a certain distance apart from each other. According to the present invention, electrode parts operate independently to prevent a plasma concentration phenomenon and uniformly generate plasma. According to the present invention, a plasma generator configured as described above is easy to form in a convex shape, and a convex plasma generator is applicable to a curved region of the skin to be treated, e.g., a palm. Furthermore, the convex plasma generator is capable of more uniformly generating plasma and is particularly effective for treatment of a long and round cylindrical object to be treated, e.g., the vagina of a woman.

Abstract: An image receiving method includes receiving, from a plenoptic server, a high-quality image stream of a first viewpoint; requesting, from the plenoptic server, information on a second viewpoint to be shifted when a user's view is shifted, and requesting, from an edge server, a medium-quality image stream of the shifted second viewpoint; receiving, from the edge server, the medium-quality image stream of the second viewpoint and playing the received medium-quality image stream; and receiving information on the second viewpoint and subsequently playing a high-quality image stream of the second viewpoint received from the plenoptic server.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for broadcast gateway signaling using a cloud network and an apparatus for the same. The method includes generating an outer packet corresponding to the outer layer of a tunneling system using an inner packet corresponding to the inner layer of the tunneling system, generating a header of the outer packet, and transmitting the outer packet to a transmitter through a Studio-to-Transmitter Link (STL). The header includes an STL propagation delay time field indicating a reception wait time for an STL stream corresponding to the outer packet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for broadcast gateway signaling using a cloud network and an apparatus for the same. The method includes generating an outer packet corresponding to the outer layer of a tunneling system using an inner packet corresponding to the inner layer of the tunneling system, generating a header of the outer packet, and transmitting the outer packet to a transmitter through a Studio-to-Transmitter Link (STL). The header includes an STL propagation delay time field indicating a reception wait time for an STL stream corresponding to the outer packet.

Abstract: A receptacle includes a receptacle body including a space in which first contents is held and a coupling portion having an inlet, a receptacle stopper coupled to the coupling portion of the receptacle body, and a second contents holding portion including a holding part having an open upper part and holding second contents, a support portion located to surround the holding part to support the holding part, and a mounting portion connected to the support portion and coupled to an upper end of the coupling portion. The receptacle stopper includes: a cap portion, a protrusion located on an inner side surface of the cap portion and including first and second protrusion parts located to be spaced apart from an upper end of the cap portion by different distances, and a sealing portion located between an inner upper surface of the cap portion and the protrusion and sealing the holding part.

Abstract: A DC circuit breaker capable of blocking a fault current flowing through a DC line when a fault occurs in the DC line is proposed. The DC circuit breaker includes a main switch connected to a first DC line at one end and connected to a second line at the other end; a first circuit unit connected in parallel to the main switch; and n second circuit units each connected in parallel to the main switch, wherein the first circuit unit is composed of a series connection of an inductor, a first capacitor and a first switch, the inductor or the first capacitor being connected to the first DC line and the first switch being connected to the second DC line.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus of broadcast gateway signaling for channel bonding. The apparatus for broadcast gateway signaling includes an input formatting unit configured to generate baseband packets corresponding to channel bonding; and a stream partitioner configured to allocate the baseband packets to two or more RF channels of the channel bonding for generating an outer tunnel data stream, the outer tunnel data stream generated in different ways according to a plurality of operation modes for the channel bonding.

Abstract: A connection structure of a plurality of switching modules that reduces required insulation voltage significantly when the plurality of switching modules is connected to each other in series is proposed. A switching module connection structure includes: n (n?1, integer) switching modules arranged in two or more columns and all connecting to each other in series from a first switching module in a first column to a last switching module in a last column; and insulating members disposed between at least some switching modules for each column.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus of broadcast gateway signaling for channel bonding. The apparatus for broadcast gateway signaling includes an input formatting unit configured to generate baseband packets corresponding to channel bonding; and a stream partitioner configured to allocate the baseband packets to two or more RF channels of the channel bonding for generating an outer tunnel data stream, the outer tunnel data stream generated in different ways according to a plurality of operation modes for the channel bonding.