Abstract: The invention relates to a heat-sealable packaging material comprising: a paperboard substrate comprising a first side and a second side, a first coating layer on the first side, a first barrier coating layer on the first coating layer, which first barrier coating layer comprises pigments, a second coating layer on the second side, and a second barrier coating layer on the second coating layer, which second barrier coating layer comprises pigments, wherein the coating layers and the barrier coating layers comprise a latex or a water-soluble polymer, wherein the first coating layer and the second coating layer are free of pigments, wherein the first barrier coating layer and the second barrier coating layer comprise pigments in an amount in a range from >40 wt % to <70 wt %, based on the dry solid content of the respective layer, and wherein the grammage of each of the first and second coating layer and of the first and second barrier coating layer is in a range from >1 g/m2 to <10 g/m2.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing a packaging material and a packaging material suitable for packaging of food and/or liquid. In the method of the invention a first barrier layer, and an optional second barrier layer, is applied on a first side of a paperboard web. The thereby formed barrier coated web is at least partly dried in a first drying step, whereupon an extruded layer is applied onto the partly dried barrier coated web in a second coating step. In accordance with the invention, the first and second coating steps are applied integrated within the same coating line. The application of a first barrier layer and an extrusion coated layer in the same coating line in accordance with the invention has shown to give rise to a packaging material with remarkably good barrier properties, especially gas-, liquid and/or grease barrier properties, for the packaging of food and/or liquid.

Abstract: The invention discloses a paperboard for packaging of a heat-sealable packaging material comprising: —a paperboard substrate comprising a first and a second side, —a first and an optional second dispersion coating layer on the first side, which first and optional second dispersion coating layer provides a barrier against at least one of liquid, moisture, grease and gas, —an extrusion coated barrier layer comprising a polyolefin, wherein the first and optional second dispersion coating layer is applied between the paperboard substrate and the extrusion coated barrier layer, and wherein the coat weight of the extrusion coated barrier layer is less than 15 gsm. The packaging material according of the invention minimizes the amount of plastic coating, but still provides the needed barrier properties for the packaging of food and/or liquid. The packaging material has especially been shown to provide a longer shelf life for food items packed in a packaging made from the material.

Abstract: A method for reducing the surface oil absorption of cellulose based substrate is provided, in which a coating composition is applied to said substrate; and in which the coating composition comprises carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or a salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). A coated paperboard, and a laminate of the coated paperboard with a polymer layer is also provided. The coating composition provides improved surface oil absorption and improved adherence of an overlying polymer layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a paperboard for packaging of liquid and frozen food, comprising a dispersion coating as the only barrier layer on its outside/print side. It has surprisingly been found that a dispersion coating comprising latex and pigment applied on the outside/print side of a paperboard for liquid and/or frozen food may serve as the only barrier against moisture arising from condensation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas barrier film for a paper or paperboard based packaging material, said gas barrier film comprising: a microfibrillated cellulose layer (MFC layer), at least one surface of which has been metallized; and a polymer dispersion coating layer disposed on at least one surface of the MFC layer. The present invention further relates to a paper or paperboard based packaging material, containers and carton blanks comprising the gas barrier film, and to a method for manufacturing the gas barrier film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat-sealable paperboard comprising a paperboard substrate (1) comprising a first side and a second side, a first dispersion coating layer (2) on the first side of the paperboard substrate (1), and a second dispersion coating layer (3) on the first dispersion coating layer (2), wherein the first dispersion coating layer (2) comprises a latex and pigment and the second dispersion coating layer (3) comprises a polyolefin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a packaging material comprising: a paperboard substrate comprising a first and a second side, at least one barrier layer applied on the first side of the substrate, the barrier layer comprising a water-soluble polymer selected from the group of polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of ethylene and polyvinyl alcohol, starch, carboxymethylcellulose and combinations thereof in an amount of at least 50 weight %, based on the dry weight of the barrier layer, an extrusion coated layer of a polyolefin on the barrier layer, and at least one dispersion barrier layer applied on the second side of the substrate, which at least one dispersion barrier layer forms a printing surface of the packaging material. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a respective packaging material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat-sealable packaging material comprising: a paperboard substrate comprising a first side and a second side, a first coating layer on the first side, a first barrier coating layer on the first coating layer, which first barrier coating layer comprises pigments, a second coating layer on the second side, and a second barrier coating layer on the second coating layer, which second barrier coating layer comprises pigments, wherein the coating layers and the barrier coating layers comprise a latex or a water-soluble polymer, wherein the first coating layer and the second coating layer are free of pigments, wherein the first barrier coating layer and the second barrier coating layer comprise pigments in an amount in a range from >40 wt % to <70 wt %, based on the dry solid content of the respective layer, and wherein the grammage of each of the first and second coating layer and of the first and second barrier coating layer is in a range from >1 g/m2 to <10 g/m2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat-sealable packaging material, the method comprising the steps of: providing a paperboard substrate comprising a top ply, applying a first dispersion barrier layer on the top ply, wherein the first dispersion barrier layer comprises a latex having a first glass transition temperature, and applying a second dispersion barrier layer on the first barrier layer, wherein the second dispersion barrier layer comprises a latex having a second glass transition temperature, wherein the second glass transition temperature is higher than the first glass transition temperature, wherein the grammage of the second dispersion barrier layer is lower than the grammage of the first dispersion barrier layer, and wherein the second dispersion barrier layer comprises pigments. The invention further relates to a respective heat-sealable packaging material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a packaging material comprising: a paperboard substrate comprising a first and a second side, at least one barrier layer applied on the first side of the substrate, the barrier layer comprising a water-soluble polymer selected from the group of polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of ethylene and polyvinyl alcohol, starch, carboxymethylcellulose and combinations thereof in an amount of at least 50 weight %, based on the dry weight of the barrier layer, an extrusion coated layer of a polyolefin on the barrier layer, and at least one dispersion barrier layer applied on the second side of the substrate, which at least one dispersion barrier layer forms a printing surface of the packaging material. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a respective packaging material.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a paperboard for packaging of liquid and frozen food, comprising a dispersion coating as the only barrier layer on its outside/print side. It has surprisingly been found that a dispersion coating comprising latex and pigment applied on the outside/print side of a paperboard for liquid and/or frozen food may serve as the only barrier against moisture arising from condensation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat-sealable packaging material, the method comprising the steps of: providing a paperboard substrate comprising a top ply, applying a first dispersion barrier layer on the top ply, wherein the first dispersion barrier layer comprises a latex having a first glass transition temperature, and applying a second dispersion barrier layer on the first barrier layer, wherein the second dispersion barrier layer comprises a latex having a second glass transition temperature, wherein the second glass transition temperature is higher than the first glass transition temperature, wherein the grammage of the second dispersion barrier layer is lower than the grammage of the first dispersion barrier layer, and wherein the second dispersion barrier layer comprises pigments. The invention further relates to a respective heat-sealable packaging material.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating fibrillation utilize biphasic waveforms. A cardiac stimulator includes a defibrillation circuit that uses a pulse width modulated capacitive discharge to generate various biphasic waveforms, one or more of which may be delivered to the heart to treat the fibrillation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating fibrillation utilize biphasic waveforms. A cardiac stimulator includes a defibrillation circuit that uses a pulse width modulated capacitive discharge to generate various biphasic waveforms, one or more of which may be delivered to the heart to treat the fibrillation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating fibrillation utilize biphasic waveforms. A cardiac stimulator includes a defibrillation circuit that uses a pulse width modulated capacitive discharge to generate various biphasic waveforms, one or more of which may be delivered to the heart to treat the fibrillation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating fibrillation utilize biphasic waveforms. A cardiac stimulator includes a defibrillation circuit that uses a pulse width modulated capacitive discharge to generate various biphasic waveforms, one or more of which may be delivered to the heart to treat the fibrillation.

Abstract: An implantable cardiac stimulator delivers a first electrical shock via implantable stimulating electrodes at a time when there is substantially no flow of blood. At least one of the stimulating electrodes is disposed in a blood flow path of the cardiovascular system. The first shock is of insufficient energy level to cause defibrillation. An electrical potential is measured as a function of time between the blood-contacting electrode and a reference electrode following delivery of the first shock to obtain a first potential equilibration function under no-flow conditions. A second therapeutic electrical shock, of sufficient energy level to effect defibrillation, is delivered via the stimulating electrodes. A second potential equilibration function is measured following delivery of the second shock. The first and second potential equilibration functions are compared, and if the two functions are sufficiently different in morphology, it is determined that blood is flowing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved stimulation electrode for cardiac pacing and defibrillating, methods of manufacturing same, and methods of using same. Specifically, the electrodes of the invention by virtue of the methods of manufacturing and using, demonstrate improved capabilities of stimulating and sensing neuromuscular tissues. The electrodes have enhanced electrically-accessible surface areas which are coated with oxides of valve metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of making an improved stimulation electrode for cardiac pacing and defibrillating. Specifically, the electrodes of the invention by virtue of the methods of manufacturing and using, demonstrate improved capabilities of stimulating and sensing neuromuscular tissues. The electrodes have enhanced electrically-accessible surface areas which are coated with oxides of valve and noble metals.