Abstract: An assay device for the quantitative determination of the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample. The device comprises a lateral flow membrane (46) comprising a plurality of test regions (41A, 41B) and formed from a light transmissive material, a plurality (44A, 44B) of planar organic light emitting diode (OLED) emitters comprising an emission layer of an organic electroluminescent material, and a plurality (49A, 49B) of planar organic photodetectors (OPDs) comprising an absorption layer of an organic photovoltaic material. Each test region comprises an immobilised component for retaining analyte tagging particles. Each test region is aligned with the emission layer of one emitter and the absorption layer of one photodetector. The aligned emitter, photodetector, and test region form a group such that the emitter is capable of illuminating the test region and the photodetector is capable of detecting light from the test region.

Abstract: A computer system and method is provided to filter clearance sensor data output by a sensor system during a load/offload procedure of a first object relative to a second object. A processing device of the computer system is configured to access hard threshold data, unique threshold data, and sensor data output by the sensor system sensing aspects of the load/offload procedure. The processing device is further configured to determine whether the sensor data exceeds the unique threshold, determine whether the sensor data that is determined to exceed the unique threshold is voidable data related to a noncritical event, and generate filtered sensor data that includes modifications to the voidable data.

Abstract: An assay device for the quantitative determination of the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample comprises a planar emitter (2), a planar detector (3), a lateral flow membrane (4) interposed between the emitter (2) and the detector (3), a conjugate pad (5) in fluid communication with a proximal end of the lateral flow membrane (4), the conjugate pad (5) comprising optically detectable tagging particles bound to a first assay component, a sample pad (6) in fluid communication with the conjugate pad (5) and arranged to receive the liquid sample, and a wicking pad (7) in fluid communication with a distal end of the lateral flow membrane (4). The lateral flow membrane (4) is formed from a light transmissive material and is capable of transporting fluid from the conjugate pad (5) to the wicking pad (7) by capillary action.

Abstract: An improved optical detection unit for an assay device, such as a lateral flow device, for the quantitative determination of the concentration of an analyte in a liquid sample, and an assay device comprising the same. The detection unit comprises an organic light emitting diode (OLED) emitter that has an emission spectrum E within the wavelength range from ?1 to ?2, and an organic photodiode detector (OPD) that has a light detection spectrum S within the wavelength range from ?1 to ?2. The detection unit has a test region that comprises a light absorbing component that has an absorbance spectrum A within the wavelength range from ?1 to ?2. The test region is positioned adjacent to the emitter and the detector to form an optical pathway from the light emitting diode to the photodiode through at least a portion of the test region. Formula M defines a relationship between E, S and A, and M is less than about 0.4.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements for improving the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines are described. In some aspects, methods and arrangements are described for operating an engine in a throttled skip fire mode. In other aspects, methods and arrangements are described for controlling the operational state of a variable displacement engine.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine in a skip fire variable displacement mode are described. Generally, an engine is controlled to operate in a skip fire variable displacement mode. In the variable displacement mode, selected combustion events are skipped so that other working cycles can operate at better thermodynamic efficiency. More specifically, selected “skipped” working cycles are not fired while other “active” working cycles are fired. Typically, fuel is not delivered to the working chambers during skipped working cycles. In one aspect of the invention, a firing pattern is determined that is not fixed but the active working cycles are selected to favor the firing of working chambers that have recently been fired at least in part to reduce wall wetting losses.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements for improving the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines are described. In some aspects, methods and arrangements are described for operating an engine in a throttled skip fire mode. In other aspects, methods and arrangements are described for controlling the operational state of a variable displacement engine.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine in a skip fire variable displacement mode are described. Generally, an engine is controlled to operate in a skip fire variable displacement mode. In the variable displacement mode, selected combustion events are skipped so that other working cycles can operate at better thermodynamic efficiency. More specifically, selected “skipped” working cycles are not fired while other “active” working cycles are fired. Typically, fuel is not delivered to the working chambers during skipped working cycles. In one aspect of the invention, a firing pattern is determined that is not fixed but the active working cycles are selected to favor the firing of working chambers that have recently been fired at least in part to reduce wall wetting losses.