Abstract: The network system includes a network node and an end device. The network node is required to send a confirmation to the end device upon reception of a data packet of a first type and is not required to send a confirmation to the end device upon reception of a data packet of a second type. The method includes transmitting, by the end device, data packets of the first type in accordance with a duty cycle that is smaller than or equal to the first upper limit indicated by a first command packet received from the network node. The application further relates to a network node and an end device for use in a network system.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a battery-powered device comprising a communication module configured for communicating with a server; the controller being configured for: obtaining at least one time condition indicated by a request received by the communication module from the server; determining a time schedule based on the obtained at least one time condition; transmitting at least one alive message to the server with the communication module according to the determined time schedule; and opening at least one reception window of the communication module according to the determined time schedule.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a battery-powered device comprising a communication module configured for communicating with a server; the controller being configured for: obtaining at least one time condition indicated by a request received by the communication module from the server; determining a time schedule based on the obtained at least one time condition; transmitting at least one alive message to the server with the communication module according to the determined time schedule; and opening at least one reception window of the communication module according to the determined time schedule.

Abstract: The network system includes a network node and an end device. The network node is required to send a confirmation to the end device upon reception of a data packet of a first type and is not required to send a confirmation to the end device upon reception of a data packet of a second type. The method includes transmitting, by the end device, data packets of the first type in accordance with a duty cycle that is smaller than or equal to the first upper limit indicated by a first command packet received from the network node. The application further relates to a network node and an end device for use in a network system.

Abstract: Caching algorithms estimate the popularity (future request rate or re-use time) and base caching decision on popularity (future request rate or re-use time). Thereby the popularity (future request rate or re-use time) upon which the decisions are made, is not limited to the locally measured one, but a combination of all popularities of all storage means, where the weight of each is determined by social relations between users served by the different storage means.