Abstract: A detector for imaging and efficiently digitizing a spatial distribution of photon flux includes pixel circuits that compressively encode pixel values generated by integrated analog to digital converters (ADCs). On-pixel digital compression circuits (DCCs) implement compression to increase continuous frame rate by reducing the number of bits per pixel while keeping quantization error below Poisson noise. Several mapping algorithms for photon-counting and charge-integrating detectors and compact digital logic implementations are presented.

Abstract: A detector for imaging and efficiently digitizing a spatial distribution of photon flux includes pixel circuits that compressively encode pixel values generated by integrated analog to digital converters (ADCs). On-pixel digital compression circuits (DCCs) implement compression to increase continuous frame rate by reducing the number of bits per pixel while keeping quantization error below Poisson noise. Several mapping algorithms for photon-counting and charge-integrating detectors and compact digital logic implementations are presented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing an ultra-high stability long-vertical travel stage are provided. The ultra-high stability long-vertical travel stage includes a first wedge supporting a second wedge, each wedge formed of a selected stable material having predefined rigidity and low thermal expansion coefficient, and integrated air bearings. A linear guiding mechanism includes a plurality of flexures. The first wedge is driven in a plane providing vertical motion on the second wedge with the integrated air bearings lifted and the flexures allowing for movement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing an ultra-high stability long-vertical travel stage are provided. The ultra-high stability long-vertical travel stage includes a first wedge supporting a second wedge, each wedge formed of a selected stable material having predefined rigidity and low thermal expansion coefficient, and integrated air bearings. A linear guiding mechanism includes a plurality of flexures. The first wedge is driven in a plane providing vertical motion on the second wedge with the integrated air bearings lifted and the flexures allowing for movement.

Abstract: A cartridge-based cryogenic imaging system includes a sample handling system. This system uses a kinematic base and cold interface system that provides vertical loading to horizontally mounted high-precision rotation stages that are able to facilitate automated high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with computed tomography (CT). Flexible metal braids are used to provide cooling and also allow a large range of rotation. A robotic sample transfer and loading system provides further automation by allowing a number of samples to be loaded and automatically sequentially placed on the sample stage and imaged. These characteristics provide the capability of high-throughput and highly automated cryogenic x-ray microscopy and computed tomography.

Abstract: A cartridge-based cryogenic imaging system includes a sample handling system. This system uses a kinematic base and cold interface system that provides vertical loading to horizontally mounted high-precision rotation stages that are able to facilitate automated high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with computed tomography (CT). Flexible metal braids are used to provide cooling and also allow a large range of rotation. A robotic sample transfer and loading system provides further automation by allowing a number of samples to be loaded and automatically sequentially placed on the sample stage and imaged, These characteristics provide the capability of high-throughput and highly automated cryogenic x-ray microscopy and computed tomography.

Abstract: A cartridge-based cryogenic imaging system includes a sample handling system. This system uses a kinematic base and cold interface system that provides vertical loading to horizontally mounted high-precision rotation stages that are able to facilitate automated high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with computed tomography (CT). Flexible metal braids are used to provide cooling and also allow a large range of rotation. A robotic sample transfer and loading system provides further automation by allowing a number of samples to be loaded and automatically sequentially placed on the sample stage and imaged. These characteristics provide the capability of high-throughput and highly automated cryogenic x-ray microscopy and computed tomography.

Abstract: A tape winder including a supply spindle for supplying tape, a take-up spindle for taking up tape from the supply spindle, and opposing sidewalls with slots therein wherein the spindles are rotatably received. A drive mechanism located on the sidewalls engage the spindles when the spindles are fully inserted within the slots. The slots preferably include a narrow throat region near their openings so that the spindles may be snap-fit within the slots. The supply spindle is preferably driven with lesser torque than the take-up spindle so that the difference in relative torque between the spindles maintains tension in the tape and causes it to wind tightly.

Abstract: A leash including a shock-absorbent substantially elastic lead is disclosed wherein the lead is not shaped like a simple beam, i.e., the lead includes one or more macroscopic concavities along its length. As examples, the lead may be shaped like a C-beam, I-beam, T-beam, or X-beam. The perimeters of the concavities form stiffening ridges which prevent the sagging or drooping of the lead and possible entanglement with the animal's or user's legs. By forming such concavities, material can be removed from the lead without adversely affecting its stiffness. An extender lead for extending the length of preexisting leashes is also disclosed.

Abstract: An animal leash including an inelastic handle loop, an elastic lead, and a clip or equivalent attachment device at the end of the lead for attaching the lead to an animal. A rigid handle is situated on the handle loop to enhance the animal owner's grip. Lightweight and durable materials such as metal tubing, nylon straps, and elastic cord and straps are utilized and combined in such a manner flint the leash has an exceptionally attractive appearance.

Abstract: A stretchable leash which forms a continuous one-piece structure is described. The stretchable leash generally includes a substantially planar, one-piece molded unit having a handle portion and a lead portion. The stretchable leash does not contain any physical connection points between the handle portion and the lead portion.