Abstract: A rifled barrel has a cylindrical channel longitudinally extending within the rifled barrel between an oppositely oriented muzzle opening and a breach opening, the cylindrical channel having a rifled portion and a non-rifled portion, the rifled portion having a land and a groove helically extending along a surface of the cylindrical channel from the muzzle opening toward the breach opening, the non-rifled portion being smooth and having a consistent diameter along a length. The diameter of the non-rifled portion of the cylindrical channel is equal to a diameter of the rifled portion measured between oppositely oriented sections of the groove. A transitional section of the rifled portion has a diameter measured between oppositely oriented land sections that gradually decreases along a section of the rifled portion adjacent to the non-rifled portion until equaling the diameter of the non-rifled portion.

Abstract: A projectile for loading into a rifled barrel includes a casing having a cylindrical body, a forward aerodynamic end, and a free end opposite the aerodynamic end, the cylindrical body of the casing defining an interior cavity extending to and in open communication with the free end. The projectile also has a bullet sized to initially slidably engage the casing along a partial length of the interior cavity through the free end. Upon discharge of propellant, the bullet is forced to slidably engage the casing farther within the cavity, preferably such that an entire length of the bullet is housed within the casing cavity, whereby a circumference of the casing is increased such that the increased circumference of the casing catches barrel rifling of the muzzleloader rifle. This allows a smaller caliber bullet to be used in a fouled barrel, while increasing accuracy of the muzzleloader rifle.

Abstract: A rifled barrel has a cylindrical channel longitudinally extending within the rifled barrel between an oppositely oriented muzzle opening and a breach opening, the cylindrical channel having a rifled portion and a non-rifled portion, the rifled portion having a land and a groove helically extending along a surface of the cylindrical channel from the muzzle opening toward the breach opening, the non-rifled portion being smooth and having a consistent diameter along a length. The diameter of the non-rifled portion of the cylindrical channel is equal to a diameter of the rifled portion measured between oppositely oriented sections of the groove. A transitional section of the rifled portion has a diameter measured between oppositely oriented land sections that gradually decreases along a section of the rifled portion adjacent to the non-rifled portion until equaling the diameter of the non-rifled portion.

Abstract: A projectile for loading into a rifled barrel includes a casing having a cylindrical body, a forward aerodynamic end, and a free end opposite the aerodynamic end, the cylindrical body of the casing defining an interior cavity extending to and in open communication with the free end. The projectile also has a bullet sized to initially slidably engage the casing along a partial length of the interior cavity through the free end. Upon discharge of propellant, the bullet is forced to slidably engage the casing farther within the cavity, preferably such that an entire length of the bullet is housed within the casing cavity, whereby a circumference of the casing is increased such that the increased circumference of the casing catches barrel rifling of the muzzleloader rifle. This allows a smaller caliber bullet to be used in a fouled barrel, while increasing accuracy of the muzzleloader rifle.

Abstract: A training cartridge for use in firearm malfunction training is disclosed. The training cartridge is used in a firearm including a clip or magazine to prevent conventional ammunition cartridges from being properly fed into the firing chamber of the firearm. The training cartridge includes a generally cylindrical body, a skirt portion extending outwardly relative to an outer surface of the body, an annular rim spaced from a lower surface of the skirt that is oriented toward the rim such that an annular recess is formed between the lower surface of the skirt and the rim. A feed malfunction is induced when a conventional ammunition cartridge, as it is fed into the firing chamber, is snagged by the adjacent training cartridge.

Abstract: An ammunition cartridge for use with a firearm, such as a shotgun or rifle, and which includes a shot shell wad having a cylindrical housing which has a forward or outer shot receiving chamber separated from the at least one innermost shot receiving chamber by a partition which is preferably integrally formed with the housing and wherein the projectiles or shot receiving chambers include a plurality of open conically shaped chamber portions that are in open communication with one another at an apex and base of each adjoining projectile or shot receiving chamber so that, upon firing of the cartridge, the projectiles or shot are directed centrally and forwardly relative to a centerline of the housing as the projectiles or shot separate from the innermost camber and exit an open end of the outer chamber.

Abstract: A training cartridge for use in firearm malfunction training is disclosed. The training cartridge is used in a firearm including a clip or magazine to prevent conventional ammunition cartridges from being properly fed into the firing chamber of the firearm. The training cartridge includes a generally cylindrical body, a skirt portion extending outwardly relative to an outer surface of the body, an annular rim spaced from a lower surface of the skirt that is oriented toward the rim such that an annular recess is formed between the lower surface of the skirt and the rim. A feed malfunction is induced when a conventional ammunition cartridge, as it is fed into the firing chamber, is snagged by the adjacent training cartridge.

Abstract: A rifle scope having a body and a reticle mounted within the body, an elevation adjustment means for adjusting an elevation sighting of the reticle and including a vertically oriented elevation adjustment knob extending from a side of the body and being rotatable in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis to vertically adjust the elevation sighting of the reticle, and a windage adjustment means for adjusting the windage sighting of the retical and including a horizontally oriented windage adjustment knob extending from the body so as to be rotatable in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis to adjust the windage sighting of the reticle.

Abstract: A rifle scope having a body and a reticle mounted within the body, an elevation adjustment means for adjusting an elevation sighting of the reticle and including a vertically oriented elevation adjustment knob extending from a side of the body and being rotatable in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis to vertically adjust the elevation sighting of the reticle, and a windage adjustment means for adjusting the windage sighting of the retical and including a horizontally oriented windage adjustment knob extending from the body so as to be rotatable in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis to adjust the windage sighting of the reticle.

Abstract: An ammunition cartridge for use with a gun which cartridge has a shotshell wad defining a rear charge receiving chamber and at least two forward shot or other projectile receiving chambers wherein a forward shot receiving chamber is formed of a solid disk including a plurality of shot pellets or similar projectiles embedded in a hardened binder material and wherein a rear shot or similar projectile receiving chamber houses unbound shot pellets or projectiles.