Abstract: A floating symmetrical current limiter device blocks large bipolar input signals to the input circuit of an instrumentation device by transitioning between a low-impedance mode and a high-impedance mode. The current limiter device includes a signal path and a control path that are each coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal. The signal path has a low impedance that passes small differential signals across the limiter from the input terminal to the output terminal. The control path is responsive to large bipolar signals that appear across the limiter terminals by transitioning between a voltage divider and a constant-current source-based bias that controls the impedance of the signal path to become a large impedance, thereby blocking the large bipolar input signal from the output terminal.

Abstract: A floating symmetrical current limiter device blocks large bipolar input signals to the input circuit of an instrumentation device by transitioning between a low-impedance mode and a high-impedance mode. The current limiter device includes a signal path and a control path that are each coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal. The signal path has a low impedance that passes small differential signals across the limiter from the input terminal to the output terminal. The control path is responsive to large bipolar signals that appear across the limiter terminals by transitioning between a voltage divider and a constant-current source-based bias that controls the impedance of the signal path to become a large impedance, thereby blocking the large bipolar input signal from the output terminal.

Abstract: An audio signal energy level detector for use with audio signal processing is described. The energy level detector includes a high-pass filter series-connected between an audio input signal and a series-connected rectifier and integrator the output of which is connectable to the control input of a variable gain device that processes the audio input signal. A characteristically -10 db/decade amplitude versus frequency slope audio input signal is high-pass filtered, rectified and smoothed to produce a constant-energy, DC gain control signal. When the audio input signal is processed in accordance with the invention by the variable gain device to produce an audio output signal suitable for dynamic, downstream processing, the tonal balance and timbre of the audio input signal are preserved. Passive and active, half-order, five-stage high-pass filters are described that provide the desired +10 db/decade amplitude versus frequency slope over the audio frequency range.

Abstract: An electronic output transformer permits elimination of hum and other ground loop interference from audio signals transmitted between separated pieces of equipment. The transformer has a balanced differential output and feedback circuits which force the differential output voltage to equal the input voltage, and which force the current in the balanced output lines to be precisely equal and out-of-phase. This permits hum and extraneous signal rejection at the input of the remotely located piece of equipment and results in common mode rejection ratios in excess of 100 db.