Abstract: Compositions and methods for in vivo delivery of pharmacologically active agents associated with polymeric biocompatible materials. Compositions comprising a first, negatively charged pharmacologically active agent such as an oligonucleotide and a polycationic polymer such as chitosan or chitosan derivatives, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier the composition providing controlled release and/or protection from degradation of the first, negatively charged pharmacologically active agent when introduced into the body. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be a polymer paste or gel which may contain a second pharmacologically active agent which may be an anti-inflammatory and/or an anti-proliferative agent.