Abstract: A method for reducing vortex formation in molten metal when bottom tapping the molten metal from a metallurgical vessel in a metal making process. The method includes the steps of tapping the molten metal via a tapping hole in the metallurgical vessel, and providing a flow of the molten metal in the metallurgical vessel while tapping via a time-varying electromagnetic field applied to the metallurgical vessel, the flow of the molten metal being such that it constantly moves vortices in the molten metal away from a tapping hole region during the tapping to thereby prevent accumulation of the vortices for vortex formation over the tapping hole. It is also presented an arrangement for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method for reducing vortex formation in molten metal when bottom tapping the molten metal from a metallurgical vessel in a metal making process. The method includes the steps of tapping the molten metal via a tapping hole in the metallurgical vessel, and providing a flow of the molten metal in the metallurgical vessel while tapping via a time-varying electromagnetic field applied to the metallurgical vessel, the flow of the molten metal being such that it constantly moves vortices in the molten metal away from a tapping hole region during the tapping to thereby prevent accumulation of the vortices for vortex formation over the tapping hole. It is also presented an arrangement for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An opening arrangement for packing containers made from laminated layers of plastics and paper wherein a weakening line is arranged in the wall structure of the container and defines an openable part that extends over an edge line forming the junction between a top and side wall. The weakening line is sealed off from the inside of the container by a cover layer impervious to liquid and which is joined to the inside of the container wall around the weakening line, and a strip of flexible material is located between the container wall and cover layer in such manner that it extends over the edge line to thereby provide a good pouring edge.

Abstract: A feed-forward amplifier with an input arranged to receive wide-band signals and an output to supply a linearly amplified version of these has two parallel signal paths arranged between such input and output, one of the signal paths includes a cascade connection of a signal amplifier and a delay network and the second signal path includes an error amplifier, an error extraction circuit having a directional coupler in which an input side has a first pair of conjugate first and second ports and is connected partly to the input of the feed-forward amplifier and partly to an output of the signal amplifier and an output side has a second pair of conjugate third and fourth ports, the fourth port being connected to an input of the error amplifier, and an error injection circuit which has a first and a second input connected to an output of the delay network and to an output of the error amplifier, respectively and an output connected to the output of the feed-forward amplifier, the error extraction circuit having th