Abstract: A method determines measurement locations in an energy grid. In the energy grid, use is made of a controllable device for wide-range voltage control. A model of the energy grid is provided which specifies a voltage distribution within the energy grid by a system of equations and/or a system of inequalities depending on the control position of the controllable device. A simulation for minimizing the number of measurement locations is carried out on the basis of the model, and in that as a result of the simulation a minimum number and the respective position of measurement locations and also the control position of the controllable device are specified in order that the energy grid complies with a predefined voltage band during operation.

Abstract: A method controls power flow in an electrical supply network. The method includes: providing at least one power flow control device, providing a model of the electrical supply network for estimating the distribution of the power flow in the electrical supply network in accordance with predefined network parameters, and simulating the power flow in the network using the model such that a potential congestion path in the electrical supply network is identified. As a result of the simulation, a positioning scheme for the at least one power flow control device is provided, such that congestion in the identified potential congestion path can be avoided. The at least one power flow device is configured in accordance with the positioning scheme. The power flow in the supply network is controlled by means of the at least one power flow control device.

Abstract: A method retrofits an existing electrical energy network with additional controllable devices for transmitting energy. A model of the energy network is provided, the model takes into account a voltage distribution inside the energy network by a system of equations and/or a system of inequations on the basis of the number and position of additional controllable devices and on the basis of control positions of all controllable devices. The model is used to carry out a simulation for minimizing a target function. The target function takes into account retrofitting effort and/or energy losses caused by the additional controllable devices, and in which the number and position of additionally required controllable devices and the control positions of all controllable devices are stated as a result of the simulation so that the energy network complies with a predefined voltage band during operation.

Abstract: A method and a device provide protection for a multi-terminal HVDC grid against faults. The method includes measuring a DC displacement voltage having a polarity and a value, determining if a short circuit fault exists by comparing the DC displacement voltage with a threshold displacement voltage and identifying a fault type based on the polarity and the value of the DC displacement voltage. The disclosed device contains a converter having a positive pole and a negative pole, a DC-switch substation, a DC line connecting the converter and the DC-switch substation and a transient fault detector. The transient fault detector contains a positive voltage sensor sensing a positive transient voltage of the positive pole and a negative voltage sensor sensing a negative transient voltage of the negative pole and a control unit which is adapted to derive a DC displacement voltage from the positive and the negative transient voltages.

Abstract: A method and a device provide protection for a multi-terminal HVDC grid against faults. The method includes measuring a DC displacement voltage having a polarity and a value, determining if a short circuit fault exists by comparing the DC displacement voltage with a threshold displacement voltage and identifying a fault type based on the polarity and the value of the DC displacement voltage. The disclosed device contains a converter having a positive pole and a negative pole, a DC-switch substation, a DC line connecting the converter and the DC-switch substation and a transient fault detector. The transient fault detector contains a positive voltage sensor sensing a positive transient voltage of the positive pole and a negative voltage sensor sensing a negative transient voltage of the negative pole and a control unit which is adapted to derive a DC displacement voltage from the positive and the negative transient voltages.

Abstract: A method determines measurement locations in an energy grid. In the energy grid, use is made of a controllable device for wide-range voltage control. A model of the energy grid is provided which specifies a voltage distribution within the energy grid by a system of equations and/or a system of inequalities depending on the control position of the controllable device. A simulation for minimizing the number of measurement locations is carried out on the basis of the model, and in that as a result of the simulation a minimum number and the respective position of measurement locations and also the control position of the controllable device are specified in order that the energy grid complies with a predefined voltage band during operation.

Abstract: A method retrofits an existing electrical energy network with additional controllable devices for transmitting energy. A model of the energy network is provided, the model takes into account a voltage distribution inside the energy network by a system of equations and/or a system of inequations on the basis of the number and position of additional controllable devices and on the basis of control positions of all controllable devices. The model is used to carry out a simulation for minimizing a target function. The target function takes into account retrofitting effort and/or energy losses caused by the additional controllable devices, and in which the number and position of additionally required controllable devices and the control positions of all controllable devices are stated as a result of the simulation so that the energy network complies with a predefined voltage band during operation.