Abstract: A liquid lens apparatus includes a first substrate and a sensor. The first substrate has first and second opposing surfaces, a central portion, and a peripheral portion outside of the central portion. The sensor is formed lithographically on either the first or second surfaces of the peripheral portion of the first substrate such that the sensor is on an exterior surface of the liquid lens apparatus. The sensor is configured to detect a temperature of the liquid lens apparatus to enable compensation for thermal expansion or contraction of the liquid lens apparatus resulting from changes in temperature of the liquid lens apparatus.

Abstract: Exemplary liquid lenses generally include two liquids disposed within a microfluidic cavity disposed between a first window and a second window. Applying varying electric fields to these liquid lenses can vary the wettability of one of the liquids with respect to this microfluidic cavity, thereby varying the shape and/or the curvature of the meniscuses formed between the two liquids and, thus, changing the optical focal length or the optical power of the liquid lenses. These liquids can expand and/or contract as result of varying temperatures. The exemplary liquid lenses include one or more thermal compensation chambers to allow these liquids to expand and/or contract without impacting the integrity of the microfluidic cavity, for example, without bowing or deflecting the first window and/or the second window.

Abstract: Exemplary liquid lenses generally include two liquids disposed within a microfluidic cavity disposed between a first window and a second window. Applying varying electric fields to these liquid lenses can vary the wettability of one of the liquids with respect to this microfluidic cavity, thereby varying the shape and/or the curvature of the meniscuses formed between the two liquids and, thus, changing the optical focal length or the optical power of the liquid lenses. These liquids can expand and/or contract as result of varying temperatures. The exemplary liquid lenses include one or more thermal compensation chambers to allow these liquids to expand and/or contract without impacting the integrity of the microfluidic cavity, for example, without bowing or deflecting the first window and/or the second window.

Abstract: A liquid lens apparatus includes a first substrate and a sensor. The first substrate has first and second opposing surfaces, a central portion, and a peripheral portion outside of the central portion. The sensor is formed lithographically on either the first or second surfaces of the peripheral portion of the first substrate such that the sensor is on an exterior surface of the liquid lens apparatus. The sensor is configured to detect a temperature of the liquid lens apparatus to enable compensation for thermal expansion or contraction of the liquid lens apparatus resulting from changes in temperature of the liquid lens apparatus.

Abstract: A liquid lens apparatus includes a substrate and a temperature compensator. The substrate includes central and peripheral portions and a detector to measure a deflection of the central portion. The temperature compensator is disposed in the peripheral portion to compensate for a temperature dependence of the detector.