Abstract: In various embodiments, methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable media are disclosed that allow allows developers of user interfaces to see quick and accurate previews after changing content that needs to be processed via a cascading style sheet (CSS) framework such as LESS, SASS, or Trinidad. These frameworks typically take a significant period of time to transform their framework code into CSS.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that, in various embodiments, record a complete action history (user actions) that created a data set. The action history can then be incorporated as part of the data set. Given a saved object, a path can be constructed between an initial state (e.g., one with no content) to a final state (e.g., the saved content). By proceed backwards in the action history, a user can continue undoing actions all the way to the initial state.

Abstract: A sample holder for the examination of small particles contained in a suspension using X-rays or electron beams is depicted and described, wherein the sample holder includes a single-crystal substrate extending in a plane, the dimensions of which in the plane are several times larger than the dimensions perpendicular to the plane, wherein the substrate includes a first and a second surface, which run parallel to the plane, and wherein the substrate includes through-holes, which extend perpendicular to the plane and which run from the first to the second surface.

Abstract: A self-cleaning object comprises a substrate with a surface of a first material that has a high dielectric constant overlaid with an ultrathin layer of a second material with a lower dielectric constant than the first material. This self-cleaning object repels liquids or particulate solids that have a lower dielectric constant than the dielectric constant of the ultrathin layer. Another self-cleaning object comprises a substrate with a surface of a first material that has a very low dielectric constant overlaid with an ultrathin layer of a second material with a low dielectric constant that is higher than the first material. This self-cleaning object attracts gases and repels liquids or particulate solids.

Abstract: An X-ray arrangement is suitable to record absorption, phase contrast, and dark field images of an object. The visibility of low absorbing specimens is improved and required radiation dose is reduced. The assembly includes an X-ray source; two or more gratings; a position-sensitive detector with spatially modulated detection sensitivity; a recorder for recording the images; an evaluator for evaluating the intensities for each pixel to identify the characteristic of the object for each individual pixel as an absorption and/or a differential phase contrast and/or an x-ray scattering dominated pixel. Images are collected by rotating from 0 to n or 2n either the sample or the assembly. The gratings are produced with planar geometry. The X-rays pass through the gratings parallel to the substrate. The grating structures extend along the X-ray path which determines the phase shift.

Abstract: A system for recoloring a set of images of a web page according to a determined representative color. The system receives at least one image that is to be recolored from a first color scheme to a second color scheme, wherein the first color scheme comprises a plurality of first colors, the second color scheme comprises a plurality of second colors, and each of the plurality of first colors is associated to one of the plurality of second colors. The system assigns a representative color to each of the pixels of the image, wherein the representative colors are chosen from the plurality of first colors. The system recolors pixels of the image to correspond to the plurality of second colors, wherein each recolored pixel is recolored according to a second color that is associated with the representative color that was assigned to the recolored pixel.

Abstract: An X-ray arrangement is suitable to record absorption, phase contrast, and dark field images of an object. The visibility of low absorbing specimens is improved and required radiation dose is reduced. The assembly includes an X-ray source; two or more gratings; a position-sensitive detector with spatially modulated detection sensitivity; a recorder for recording the images; an evaluator for evaluating the intensities for each pixel to identify the characteristic of the object for each individual pixel as an absorption and/or a differential phase contrast and/or an x-ray scattering dominated pixel. Images are collected by rotating from 0 to n or 2n either the sample or the assembly. The gratings are produced with planar geometry. The X-rays pass through the gratings parallel to the substrate. The grating structures extend along the X-ray path which determines the phase shift.

Abstract: A system for recoloring a set of images of a web page according to a determined representative color. The system receives at least one image that is to be recolored from a first color scheme to a second color scheme, wherein the first color scheme comprises a plurality of first colors, the second color scheme comprises a plurality of second colors, and each of the plurality of first colors is associated to one of the plurality of second colors. The system assigns a representative color to each of the pixels of the image, wherein the representative colors are chosen from the plurality of first colors. The system recolors pixels of the image to correspond to the plurality of second colors, wherein each recolored pixel is recolored according to a second color that is associated with the representative color that was assigned to the recolored pixel.

Abstract: A three-phase selection energy meter is disclosed. In one embodiment, an energy meter includes a base; a phase A terminal barrel, a phase B terminal barrel and a phase C terminal barrel; and a phase selection member movably engaged with the base, the phase selection member permitting individual selection of each of the phase A terminal barrel, the phase B terminal barrel and the phase C terminal barrel, wherein the individual selection of the one of the phase A terminal barrel, the phase B terminal barrel or the phase C terminal barrel prohibits selection of the other two of the phase A terminal barrel, the phase B terminal barrel and the phase C terminal barrel.

Abstract: An arrangement and a method are disclosed for projective and/or tomographic phase-contrast imaging using X-ray radiation. In at least one embodiment, one or more phase grids is/are arranged in the beam path such that during a rotation of the at least one X-ray source, the examination object is scanned with different spatial orientations of the grid lines relative to the examination object such that the complete refraction angle, and hence the complete phase shift gradient, can be determined for each X-ray beam from the two scans with differently oriented phase grids in order to be able to show the phase shift of an examination object in terms of projections or in a tomographic image.

Abstract: A three-phase selection energy meter is disclosed. In one embodiment, an energy meter includes a base; a phase A terminal barrel, a phase B terminal barrel and a phase C terminal barrel; and a phase selection member movably engaged with the base, the phase selection member permitting individual selection of each of the phase A terminal barrel, the phase B terminal barrel and the phase C terminal barrel, wherein the individual selection of the one of the phase A terminal barrel, the phase B terminal barrel or the phase C terminal barrel prohibits selection of the other two of the phase A terminal barrel, the phase B terminal barrel and the phase C terminal barrel.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward improvements in security substrates, such as paper, used for making security documents, such as bank notes, having anti-counterfeit able features and in particular to security substrates incorporating an elongate security element and methods of making the substrate. The invention comprises a security substrate for making security documents and the like comprising a fibrous base substrate and an elongate security element at least partially embedded therein. At one surface of the security substrate one portion of the security element is exposed to provide a continuous track along the length of the security element. A plurality of other portions along at least one edge of the security element are partially covered by overlapping regions of the fibrous substrate. The invention further comprises a method of manufacturing such a security substrate.

Abstract: In a method for the production of x-ray-optical gratings composed of a first material forming of periodically arranged grating webs and grating openings, a second material is applied by electroplating to fill the grid openings. The electroplating is continued until a cohesive layer of the second material with uniform height is created over the grating webs with this layer having a large absorption coefficient, the absorption properties of the grating structure of the grating are homogenized, so an improvement of the measurement signals that are generated with this grating is improved. Moreover, the mechanical stability of gratings produced in such a manner is improved.

Abstract: An interferometer for x-rays, in particular hard x-rays, for obtaining quantitative x-ray images from an object, includes: a) an x-ray source, preferably a standard polychromatic x-ray source, b) a diffractive beam splitter grating other than a Bragg crystal, preferably in transmission geometry, c) a position-sensitive detector with spatially modulated detection sensitivity having a number of individual pixels; d) means for recording the images of the detector in a phase-stepping approach; and e) means for evaluating the intensities for each pixel in a series of images in order to identify the characteristic of the object for each individual pixel as an absorption dominated pixel and/or an differential phase contrast dominated pixel and/or an x-ray scattering dominated pixel.

Abstract: An x-ray CT system that generates tomographic phase contrast or dark field exposures, has at least one grating interferometer with three grating structures arranged in series in the radiation direction, with a modular design of the second and third grating structures. The distance between the first grating structure of the x-ray source and the second grating structure (fashioned as a phase grating) of the respective grating/detector modules is adapted, depending on the fan angle, corresponding to a period of the grating structure of the x-ray source projected onto the grating detector module at a respective fan angle (?i).

Abstract: An x-ray CT system for x-ray phase contrast and/or x-ray dark field imaging has a grating interferometer that has a first grating structure that has a number of band-shaped x-ray emission maxima and minima arranged in parallel, the maxima and minima exhibiting a first grating period, a second band-shaped grating structure that produces, as a phase grating, a partial phase offset of x-ray radiation passing therethrough and that exhibits a second grating period, a third band-shaped grating structure with a third grating period with which relative phase shifts of adjacent x-rays and/or their scatter components are detected, and a device for value-based determination of the phase between adjacent x-rays and/or for value-based determination of the spatial intensity curve per detector element perpendicular to the bands of the grating structures. The third grating structure has a grating period that is larger by a factor of 2 to 5 than the grating period of the first grating structure.

Abstract: An alignment tool removably attachable to a bit (e.g. a drill bit) for aligning a workpiece to the bit. The tool has a bit grip or a bit clamp which may have a pair of bit grippers, an aligner, which may be a pointer supported by a pointer mount, a stylus or a laser, and a mechanical linkage of the bit grip to the aligner. When the aligner is aligned with a target, a tip of a bit clamped by the bit grip would also be aligned with that target. A first stylus link may be movably connected to a second stylus link at the pointer mount. The first and second stylus links may be pivotally connected to the bit clamp. The bit clamp, the first and second stylus links may cooperate to align a central axis of the pointer with a central axis of the bit.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in security substrates, such as paper, used for making security documents, such as bank notes, having anti-counterfeitable features and in particular to security substrates incorporating an elongate security element and methods of making said substrate. The invention comprises a security substrate for making security documents and the like comprising a fibrous base substrate and an elongate security element at least partially embedded therein. At one surface of the security substrate one portion of the security element is exposed to provide a continuous track along the length of the security element. A plurality of other portions along at least one edge of the security element are partially covered by overlapping regions of the fibrous substrate. The invention further comprises a method of manufacturing such a security substrate.

Abstract: An interferometer for X-rays, in particular hard X-rays, for obtaining quantitative phase contrast images, includes a standard polychromatic X-ray source, a diffractive optical beam splitter other than a Bragg crystal in transmission geometry, and a position-sensitive detector with spatially modulated detection sensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the generation of periodic curved structures in a basic support material such as the basic layer for the magnetic bit cells of a magnetic storage device. The method includes the steps of generating a number of diffraction masks such that each mask comprises at least one transmission diffraction gratings having at least one of a different periodic concentric circular pattern, spiral-like periodic pattern and periodic radial spoke pattern; positioning at least one of the diffraction masks simultaneously or successively in a certain distance of the basic support material to be patterned, the distance being mask dependent; exposing the basic support material by directing light beams through each of the diffraction masks; and interfering the different light beams diffracted by the gratings on each mask in order to generate coincident light intensity patterns on the surface of the basic support material.