Abstract: The invention relates to a continuously operating process for producing nitrobenzene, comprising the following steps: a) nitriding benzene in adiabatic conditions with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, using a stoichiometric excess of benzene in relation to the nitric acid; b) first separating a gaseous phase containing benzene and gaseous secondary components from the raw process product of the nitridation in a gas separator provided specifically for this purpose, then separating, in a downstream phase-separating apparatus, the resulting liquid phase, which is depleted in gaseous components and contains nitrobenzene and sulfuric acid, into a sulfuric acid phase and a nitrobenzene phase; and c) processing the nitrobenzene phase, obtaining nitrobenzene. The invention also relates to a production plant suitable for carrying out the claimed process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuously operating process for producing nitrobenzene, comprising the following steps: a) nitriding benzene in adiabatic conditions with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, using a stoichiometric excess of benzene in relation to the nitric acid, in multiple parallel reactors; b) first combining the raw process products of the nitridation from the parallel reactors to form a mixed flow in a device provided specifically for this purpose, then separating the mixed flow into a sulfuric acid phase and a nitrobenzene phase in a downstream phase separation apparatus; and c) processing the nitrobenzene phase, obtaining nitrobenzene. The invention also relates to a production plant suitable for carrying out the claimed process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyisocyanate composition containing urethane groups, and to the polyisocyanate compositions containing urethane groups that are obtained or obtainable by this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying polyaspartic acid ester compositions and to the provision of polyaspartic acid ester compositions that contain 0.01 to <2% by weight fumaric acid dialkyl esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distributor device (10000) for the even distribution of a fluid (10) into 2 or more fluid streams each containing gas (11) and liquid (12), with a falling film evaporator (100000), in which the distributor device according to the invention serves to distribute the 2 or more fluid streams onto the heating pipes of the evaporator, and to the use of the distributor device (10000) according to the invention and in particular the falling film evaporator (100000) according to the invention in the production and/or preparation of chemical products. The distributor device according to the invention is characterized, in particular, by a swirl breaker (600) for the gas phase (11) which arises from separating the fluid (10) into a gas phase (11) and a liquid phase (12) within the distributor device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying polyaspartic acid ester compositions and to the provision of polyaspartic acid ester compositions that contain 0.01 to <2% by weight fumaric acid dialkyl esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distributor device (10000) for the even distribution of a fluid (10) into 2 or more fluid streams each containing gas (11) and liquid (12), with a falling film evaporator (100000), in which the distributor device according to the invention serves to distribute the 2 or more fluid streams onto the heating pipes of the evaporator, and to the use of the distributor device (10000) according to the invention and in particular the falling film evaporator (100000) according to the invention in the production and/or preparation of chemical products. The distributor device according to the invention is characterized, in particular, by a swirl breaker (600) for the gas phase (11) which arises from separating the fluid (10) into a gas phase (11) and a liquid phase (12) within the distributor device.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for matching an element of a source schema to an element of a target schema. The system includes a processing unit and a communication unit. The processing unit may be configured to: identify a sample data item of the element of the target schema; match a part of the sample data item to a part of a sample instance of the source schema; and match the element of the source schema to which the part of the sample instance of the source schema belongs to the element of the target schema. The communication unit may be configured to: provide the sample data item through an interface and receive the sample instance of the source schema.

Abstract: Methods and systems to generate derivative information sources, from original information sources, use an ontology that provides a logic-based representation formalism of each of a number of original information sources, the original information sources having heterogeneous representation formalisms. The original information sources are transformed to the ontology. A number of derivative information sources, corresponding to the original information sources, may be automatically generated from the ontology.

Abstract: In one embodiment the present invention includes a method of determining whether computer processes can interact without deadlocks. The computer processes may be modeled in a process modeling language. The method includes (optionally) generating state diagrams from the processes as modeled by process modeling language, generating step actions from the state diagrams, and executing model checking on the step actions. A computer program may implement the method, and a computer system may execute the computer program. Performing model checking on processes modeled by the process modeling language allows for increased interoperability checking.

Abstract: Methods and systems to generate derivative information sources, from original information sources, use an ontology that provides a logic-based representation formalism of each of a number of original information sources, the original information sources having heterogeneous representation formalisms. The original information sources are transformed to the ontology. A number of derivative information sources, corresponding to the original information sources, may be automatically generated from the ontology.

Abstract: A matching system stores an element of schema that is identifiable with a child node of a parent node of a tree. An entity group of ontology includes a subclass of a class of further entity group matching to a parent element identifiable with the parent node is stored. An access unit accesses the element of the schema and the entity group of the ontology. A match unit matches the elements of the schema to the entity groups of the ontology when the elements correspond to the entity groups according to a correspondence test.

Abstract: In one embodiment the present invention includes a method of determining whether computer processes can interact without deadlocks. The computer processes may be modeled in a process modeling language. The method includes (optionally) generating state diagrams from the processes as modeled by process modeling language, generating step actions from the state diagrams, and executing model checking on the step actions. A computer program may implement the method, and a computer system may execute the computer program. Performing model checking on processes modeled by the process modeling language allows for increased interoperability checking.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for matching an element of a source schema to an element of a target schema. The system includes a processing unit and a communication unit. The processing unit may be configured to: identify a sample data item of the element of the target schema; match a part of the sample data item to a part of a sample instance of the source schema; and match the element of the source schema to which the part of the sample instance of the source schema belongs to the element of the target schema. The communication unit may be configured to: provide the sample data item through an interface and receive the sample instance of the source schema.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for providing a web service agent application. The web service agent application has a communication module and a processing module. The communication module receives requests from one or more web service applications or one or more adaptive agent applications; and transmits responses to one or more web service applications or one or more adaptive agent applications. The processing module receives a request for information from the communication module; identifies a resource that can fulfill the request for information; obtains a response to the request from the identified resource; and delivers the response to the request to the communication module.

Abstract: A system is described that may generate collaborative processes, for example, for business partners. The system may include a lifting engine configured to receive public specifications describing a first proprietary process and second proprietary process. The lifting engine may determine an alignment between the public specifications and corresponding elements of an ontology domain. The system may further include a mapping engine configured to determine one or more mapping expressions associated with the first proprietary process and second proprietary process based on the determined alignment. A composition engine may be configured to generate a collaborative process based on the one or more mapping expressions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a system for matching elements of a schema to entity groups of an ontology. The system includes a first storage means configured to store an element of the schema that is identifiable with a child node of a parent node of a tree and a second storage means configured to store an entity group of the ontology. The entity group includes a subclass of a class of a further entity group or a property of the class, the further entity group matching to a parent element identifiable with the parent node. The system further includes an access unit configured to access the element of the schema and the entity group of the ontology and a match unit. The match unit is configured to match the element of the schema to the entity group of the ontology.

Abstract: A method of providing translation of information between schemas in a computer system includes creating a first mapping from a first schema to an intermediary schema, wherein information having an intermediary schema format can be translated to a second schema using a second mapping. For any portion of the first schema that cannot be mapped to the intermediary schema, a direct mapping from the portion of the first schema to the second schema is created. A method of translating information includes mapping information having a first schema format to an intermediary schema format using a first mapping. The information having the intermediary schema format is mapped to a second schema format using a second mapping. For any portion of the information having the first schema format that cannot be mapped to the intermediary schema format, the portion is mapped to the second schema format using a direct mapping.

Abstract: Techniques are described for integrating semantic web services into at least one existing web service infrastructure with an execution environment by placing a proxy component between the execution environment of the existing web service infrastructure and the semantic web services so that the execution environment invoking the proxy component can interact with semantic web services, the proxy component selecting services among the semantic web services based on a predefined goal, composing an executable service from the selected services, executing the executable service and returning the result of the service execution to the execution environment. Also described are an appropriate proxy component, a system for integrating semantic web services into at least one existing web service infrastructure and a computer program.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for providing a web service agent application. The web service agent application has a communication module and a processing module. The communication module receives requests from one or more web service applications or one or more adaptive agent applications; and transmits responses to one or more web service applications or one or more adaptive agent applications. The processing module receives a request for information from the communication module; identifies a resource that can fulfill the request for information; obtains a response to the request from the identified resource; and delivers the response to the request to the communication module.