Abstract: One aspect relates to a method for reducing intermediate nodes in a polygonal chain with one or a plurality of intermediate nodes of a set of intermediate nodes between a starting node and an end node. In addition to the attributes of longitude and latitude, at least one further attribute with an attribute value and an attribute direction of a set of further attributes is assigned to the starting node, the end node and every intermediate node of the set of intermediate nodes. The attributes can be a gradient, a curve-radius or an altitude.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a method for reducing intermediate nodes in a polygonal chain with one or a plurality of intermediate nodes of a set of intermediate nodes between a starting node and an end node. In addition to the attributes of longitude and latitude, at least one further attribute with an attribute value and an attribute direction of a set of further attributes is assigned to the starting node, the end node and every intermediate node of the set of intermediate nodes. The attributes can be a gradient, a curve-radius or an altitude.

Abstract: In contrast to previous methods, for example for LISP systems, a central function caller with its complex status inquiries is not required, since a data structure with a link header is provided, to which directly executable execution code is always chained. Depending on the type of function and depending on the respective status of a definition of the program element, it is possible to provide here as execution code an error interface for undefined functions, a simulator interface for functions to be simulated, an interpreter interface for functions to be interpreted or a compiled program section for already compiled functions. As a result of dispensing with the status inquiries, it is possible to achieve considerable acceleration of the program execution, in particular for LISP systems, in which a function call often occurs for usually only short function operations.