Abstract: A method for operating a direct injection diesel engine which is operated in a first operating region corresponding to low to medium partial load in such a way that fuel combustion takes place at a local temperature below the temperature of NOx formation and with a local air ratio above the limit value for soot formation, and where fuel injection starts in a range of between 50° to 5° crank angle before top dead center of the compression phase and where exhaust gas is recirculated at an exhaust gas recirculation rate of 50% to 70%. In order to achieve high efficiency in each operating region while keeping NOx and particulate emissions low, in a second operating region corresponding to medium partial load, fuel injection is started in a range from approximately 2° crank angle before top dead center to approximately 20° crank angle after top dead center.

Abstract: A method for providing individually baked products comprising the steps of providing an uncooked dough sheet or block which has separable portions of predefined shape, separating one or more portions from the sheet or block and then baking the portions to obtain individually baked products. The shapes of the portions are defined by grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof and the portions are separated from the sheet by breaking then along the grooves, or score lines. The grooves or score lines may be intersecting or non-intersecting and substantially straight to define polygonal shaped portions, or at least partially arcuate to define the shape of an object having non-linear features, such as a cartoon character.

Abstract: A ready-for-use refrigerated dough that is prepared from flour, a leavening agent and fat. The dough has a surface that includes grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof which define pieces of the dough to be broken off and baked into individual bakery products. The grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof each have a depth of about 3% to about 95% of the thickness of the dough. The dough is in the form of a sheet or a parallelepipedal, cylinder, prismatic block or polygon having a thickness of from about 0.5 to 5 cm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat retention system for keeping warm meals by way of converting induced electromagnetic energy of arisen heat. The system contains a receptacle (5, 55, 103) with passive elements (3, 53) which via a plate (9, 59, 209) are in active connection with active elements (2, 210). Sensors (16, 18, 56, 215) and an optimised control unit (212) control and regulate the temperature of the meals (8) located in the receptacle (5, 55, 103), so that these are not cooked and energy is supplied in a directed manner. Preferably the heat retention system is configured as a heat retention device which has a modular construction and may be dismantled into individual modules (101, 102, 103, 104) and may be assembled of individual modules (101, 102, 103, 104).

Abstract: A ready-for-use refrigerated sweet dough that is prepared from flour, sugar, a leavening agent and fat. The dough has a surface that includes grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof which define pieces of the dough to be broken off and baked into individual bakery products such as cookies, muffins, brownies, or other pastries. The grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof each have a depth of about 3% to about 95% of the thickness of the dough. The dough is in the form of a sheet or a parallelepipedal, cylinder, prismatic block or polygon having a thickness of from about 0.5 to 5 cm.

Abstract: A ready-for-use refrigerated sweet dough that is prepared from flour, sugar, a leavening agent and fat. The dough has a surface that includes grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof which define pieces of the dough to be broken off and baked into individual bakery products such as cookies, muffins, brownies, or other pastries. The grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof each have a depth of about 3% to about 95% of the thickness of the dough. The dough is in the form of a sheet or a parallelepipedal, cylinder, prismatic block or polygon having a thickness of from about 0.5 to 5 cm.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for providing individually baked products comprising the steps of providing an uncooked dough sheet or block which has separable portions of predefined shape, separating one or more portions from the sheet or block and then baking the portions to obtain individually baked products. The shapes of the portions are defined by grooves, score lines, or combinations thereof and the portions are separated from the sheet by breaking then along the grooves, or score lines. The grooves or score lines may be intersecting or non-intersecting and substantially straight to define polygonal shaped portions, or at least partially arcuate to define the shape of an object having non-linear features, such as a cartoon character.

Abstract: A ready-for-use refrigerated sweet dough which is prepared from flour, sugar, a leavening agent and fat, and which is provided in a form that includes grooves, score lines, or a combination thereof, to facilitate separation of the dough into pieces that can be baked into individual bakery products such as cookies, muffins, brownies, or other pastries. A method for providing individually baked products comprising the steps of providing an uncooked dough sheet or block which has separable portions of predefined shape, separating one or more portions from the sheet or block and then baking the portions to obtain individually baked products. The shapes of the portions are defined by grooves, score lines or combinations thereof and the portions are separated from the sheet by breaking them along the grooves or score lines.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with two or more inlet valves for each engine cylinder and roof-shaped boundary surfaces of the combustion chamber in the cylinder head--the main flow directions of the partial streams admitted into the combustion chamber by the inlet valves each forming an acute angle with the plane defined by the cylinder axes of a cylinder bank, i.e., the symmetry plane--, a strong torque of the charge in the combustion chamber is obtained at partial load without impairing the intake of charge at full load due to a deterioration of flow characteristics, by providing that the angle of at least one partial stream on one side of a plane going through the cylinder axis and being normal to the symmetry plane, be made larger by 10 to 40 degrees than the angle of at least one corresponding partial stream on the other side of this normal plane.

Abstract: A transmission shiftable to change transmission ratios by the operation of a member whose effectiveness depends upon a pressure fluid, e.g. through a valve communicating the fluid to actuators of the gear-change system, has a clutch connecting the output shaft of a prime mover as an internal-combustion engine with the input shaft of the transmission. According to the invention, the clutch-operating cylinder is connected by an entraining device with a valve controlling the pressure fluid. A lost motion may be provided between the operating member of the cylinder and the valve seats to ensure full opening of the clutch before operation of the transmission is enabled.