Abstract: An illumination apparatus for vehicles having a light source, a support plate for receiving the light source, and an optical unit arranged in front of the light source in the main emission direction to deflect light emitted by the light source onto a roadway in front of the vehicle in accordance with a predetermined light distribution. The light source has a light-emitting surface and a light source frame surrounding the same. The light source is surrounded by a shielding frame with a wall that is raised in the main emission direction and encloses an intermediate space between the light source and the optical unit.

Abstract: A process is provided for controlling a headlamp of a motor vehicle. The headlamp includes a first light source module and a second light source module. The light source modules each feature several light sources that emit light. The light emitted by the light sources of the light source module represents a first light distribution, and the light emitted by the light sources of the second light source module represents a second light distribution. The first light distribution and the second light distribution partially overlap. The first light distribution and the second light distribution together form an overall light distribution. A subarea of the overall light distribution is formed only by the first light distribution, and the subarea is a vertical edge area of the overall light distribution.

Abstract: An inverter having input terminals, output terminals, a DC link capacitor connected to the input terminals and configured to smooth a DC voltage present at the input terminals is disclosed. Controllable switches are connected to the DC link capacitor and to the output terminals, and a control device is also provided. The control device controls the controllable switches such that the controllable switches convert the DC voltage into an AC voltage at the output terminals. The controllable switches are controlled according to a first switching control scheme including a first modulation technique and a first switching frequency, and according to a second switching control scheme in response to a temperature of the DC link capacitor, the second switching control scheme causing less losses in the DC link capacitor than the first switching control scheme.

Abstract: A power module for an inverter is disclosed. The power module has a base plate with a first base plate side and a second, opposite base plate side, controllable electronic switches arranged on the first base plate side, inputs and outputs, which are electrically connected to the electronic switches. The power module is designed to convert an input voltage applied to the inputs to an output voltage applied to the outputs by the electronic switches. The power module also includes a plurality of cooling devices attached to the second base plate side. The cooling devices each have loops arranged one behind the other. The loops of a first group of cooling devices are inclined with respect to the loops of a second group of cooling devices, and/or the loops of each group of cooling devices protrude from the second base plate side to different distances.

Abstract: Control unit for controlling an inverter with a plurality of half bridges each having a first switching element connected to a potential of a DC link and a second switching element connected to another potential of the DC link. The control unit provides first signals to the first switching elements such that they are turned off upon receiving a request signal, and second signals to the second switching elements such that they are turned on upon receiving the request signal and to perform a comparison of a measured electric parameter of the inverter with a predefined threshold value. The control unit provides a second signal such that the second switching element controlled by the second signal is turned off for a predefined time span, if a switching criterion comprising a condition that the comparison results in that the measured electric parameter reaches or crosses the threshold value is fulfilled.

Abstract: Control unit for controlling an inverter with a plurality of half bridges each having a first switching element connected to a potential of a DC link and a second switching element connected to another potential of the DC link. The control unit provides first signals to the first switching elements such that they are turned off upon receiving a request signal, and second signals to the second switching elements such that they are turned on upon receiving the request signal and to perform a comparison of a measured electric parameter of the inverter with a predefined threshold value. The control unit provides a second signal such that the second switching element controlled by the second signal is turned off for a predefined time span, if a switching criterion comprising a condition that the comparison results in that the measured electric parameter reaches or crosses the threshold value is fulfilled.

Abstract: The temperature calibration characteristic curve of a semiconductor component can be readily determined by interconnecting the power connections of the semiconductor component with a first current source for a load current, a second current source for a measurement current and a voltmeter for measuring the voltage drop across the power connections. Furthermore, the semiconductor component is connected to a data processing system and heated by the dissipated power at time intervals when the first current source is connected, and the voltage drop across the power or auxiliary connections is measured when the first current source disconnected and the second current source is connected between the intervals after a time duration determined by the thermal main time constant of the semiconductor component. The temperature of the semiconductor component is separately measured and the temperature calibration characteristic curve is obtained by correlating the measured temperature with the voltage drop.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and devices for determining the temperature calibration characteristic curve of a semiconductor component (3) appertaining to power electronics. They are distinguished, in particular, by the fact that the temperature calibration characteristic curve can be determined in a simple and economically advantageous manner. For this purpose, the power connections of the semiconductor component (3) are interconnected—with a first current source (1) for a load current,—with a second current source (2) for a measurement Current—with a voltmeter (v) for measuring the voltage dropped across either the power connections or auxiliary connections connected to the power connections.

Abstract: A container handling system comprising a crane and a plurality of base elements. The base elements are designed for resting on containers and the crane is designed for being supported on containers or base elements. Containers can be transported on the base elements, which are preferably arranged to form a path. Also cranes, other base element etc. can travel on the paths. Base elements may be provided with rollers or the like and may comprise a turning unit for turning containers etc. about a vertical axis. The system may handle containers stored in a three-dimensional array by arranging base elements on top of containers, lifting containers onto base elements and moving containers across or along base elements to another location in the array. The array may be in a container yard or on a carrier vessel, where the handling system is part of its onboard equipment.

Abstract: A container handling and flow system comprising a plurality of base elements (1, 31) for mounting on top of containers and fasteners for locking the base elements on to corner fittings (14) of a container. The base elements are elongate and have a length corresponding to the width of the containers to be handled, said system possibly including base elements of different lengths corresponding to different container standards. The fasteners are arranged one at each end of the base element at a distance corresponding the distance between the corner fittings. The base elements have sufficient strength and stiffness for allowing the load of a second or more container(s) resting on top of or moving across a pair of base elements mounted on a first container.

Abstract: A container handling system comprising a crane and a plurality of base elements. The base elements are designed for resting on containers and the crane is designed for being supported on containers or base elements. Containers can be transported on the base elements, which are preferably arranged to form a path. Also cranes, other base element etc. can travel on the paths. Base elements may be provided with rollers or the like and may comprise a turning unit for turning containers etc. about a vertical axis. The system may handle containers stored in a three-dimensional array by arranging base elements on top of containers, lifting containers onto base elements and moving containers across or along base elements to another location in the array. The array may be in a container yard or on a carrier vessel, where the handling system is part of its onboard equipment.