Abstract: A method can be provided for analyzing a fluidic sample with dispersed particles. Using such exemplary method, it is possible to irradiate the sample with light, so that the photons of the light transfer momentum to the particles. It is also possible to measure at least one property of the particles that is altered by the momentum transfer. The light can be a propagating beam with an intensity distribution that has gradients pointing to more than one point within each plane normal to the direction of propagation, while varying steadily along the direction of propagation, and/or a 3D vortex trap beam that is configured to confine the particles in a three-dimensional volume by means of high-intensity gradients. An exemplary device can also be provided (e.g., for performing the method), comprising a chamber for holding a sample that is elongate along an axis and configured to pass a beam of light along the axis.

Abstract: A method can be provided for analyzing a fluidic sample with dispersed particles. Using such exemplary method, it is possible to irradiate the sample with light, so that the photons of the light transfer momentum to the particles. It is also possible to measure at least one property of the particles that is altered by the momentum transfer. The light can be a propagating beam with an intensity distribution that has gradients pointing to more than one point within each plane normal to the direction of propagation, while varying steadily along the direction of propagation, and/or a 3D vortex trap beam that is configured to confine the particles in a three-dimensional volume by means of high-intensity gradients. An exemplary device can also be provided (e.g., for performing the method), comprising a chamber for holding a sample that is elongate along an axis and configured to pass a beam of light along the axis.

Abstract: For diagnosing a self-blast circuit breaker (1), a switching operation of the self-blast circuit breaker (1) is triggered to initiate a pressure wave in a filling gas of the self-blast circuit breaker (1). A pressure as a function of time in at least one region of the self-blast circuit breaker (1) which occurs in response to the switching operation is detected. A state of a burn-off nozzle (11) of the self-blast circuit breaker (1) which is burnt off in a switching operation under load for blowing the filling gas onto a switching arc is determined in dependence on the pressure as a function of time.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting against rollover in a vehicle. The method and apparatus determine a rollover tendency of the vehicle based on the lateral acceleration, the vehicle speed and the change rate of the steering angle. A database of empiric data is preferably provided that includes values for a critical change rate of the steering angle corresponding to specific lateral accelerations in specific vehicle speeds. A critical change rate of the steering angle is determined based on the sensed lateral acceleration and vehicle speed.