Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium), to the use thereof for electro-optical purposes, and to LC displays containing this medium.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is alkyl or alkoxy in which CH2 groups are optionally replaced, and X1 is alkyl OCF3, CF3, CHF2, OCF2CF3, CCF2CHFCF3, OCF?CF2, OCH?CF2 or F, a liquid-crystalline medium containing a compound of formula I, and use thereof in electro-optical liquid-crystal displays, in particular in TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS or PS-FFS-, positive VA displays and in shutter spectacles for 3D effects and LC lenses.

Abstract: An ion mirror for a time of flight mass spectrometer (ToF) is provided. The ion mirror is elongated from a first end to a second end along a drift direction (z) and is configured to reflect ions in a reflection direction (y) orthogonal to the drift direction. The ion mirror comprises a plurality of elongate mirror electrodes and at least one Fringe Field Correcting (FFC) assembly. Each of the elongate mirror electrodes extends in the drift direction. Each of the plurality of elongate mirror electrodes is configured to receive a respective mirror electrode voltage in order to provide an electrostatic field of the ion mirror. The at least one FFC assembly is provided at the first and/or second end of the ion mirror. The FFC assembly comprises a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes extending in a plane orthogonal to the drift direction, each electrode configured to receive a respective FFC voltage.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprises: a first ion optical device in a relatively low gas pressure region; a second ion optical device in a relatively high gas pressure region, the first and second ion optical devices receiving respective RF voltages from respective RF power supplies for generating respective RF fields that confine ions in respective trapping regions of the ion optical devices; and a gas conductance restriction, restricting gas flow from the relatively high gas pressure region to the relatively low gas pressure region, the gas conductance restriction having an aperture to allow ions to pass from the second to the first ion optical device. The first and second RF power supplies are independent to allow the RF voltages for generating the first RF field to have a different amplitude from the RF voltages for generating the second RF field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly comprising a vacuum chamber and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer wherein the time-of-flight mass spectrometer is contained within the vacuum chamber. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the second electrode being spaced apart from the first electrode at a distance defining a portion of an ion-flight path therebetween. The assembly further comprising a first support for supporting the first electrode, the first support arranged between an inner surface of the vacuum chamber and the first electrode. The first support is configured to permit relative movement between at least a portion of the inner surface of the vacuum chamber and the first electrode. The inner surface of the vacuum chamber and the first electrode are thermally coupled. The present invention also relates to a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass analyser.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium), to the use thereof for electro-optical purposes, and to LC displays containing this medium.

Abstract: Correction of an angle of tilt of an ion beam front in a Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is described. In one aspect, an ion beam front tilt corrector can include an electrode that, when applied with a voltage, defines an equipotential channel of particular dimensions to allow for ions in different transverse positions along a transverse axis of the equipotential channel to have different traversal times.

Abstract: The invention relates to dielectrically positive liquid crystalline media comprising a compound of formula I wherein the parameters have the meaning given in claim 1 and to liquid crystal displays comprising these media, especially to active matrix displays and in particular to TN and IPS mode displays.

Abstract: In automation-engineering installations, there is a need to exchange process information between different devices. For this, OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) from OPC Foundation has become established as a standard protocol. However, rather than transmit requested OPC-UA subscriptions via the conventional OPC-UA session channel, the invention sets up a separate TSN data communication by means of which that subscription information is transmitted.

Abstract: Correction of an angle of tilt of an ion beam front in a Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is described. In one aspect, an ion beam front tilt corrector can include an electrode that, when applied with a voltage, defines an equipotential channel of particular dimensions to allow for ions in different transverse positions along a transverse axis of the equipotential channel to have different traversal times.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for energy-optimized data transmission by OPC UA protocol in radio networks is disclosed. When OPC UA communication is operated in a mobile device, e.g. as mobile access to part of a plant for maintenance, monitoring, parameterization, transmission is frequently implemented by the OPC UA's own request-response based communication behavior. Since the device is rarely able to switch off the transmitter, the battery of the device is very quickly discharged. This poses a problem, particularly in the case of devices that are intended to respond promptly to infrequent warnings or events. However, when a client device is intended to provide notification in relation to one event only, the previous polling, i.e. the periodic interrogation is dispensed with and an alternative notification through means inherent in the mobile network is used. This method uses, for example, a mobile push service supplied by the network provider.

Abstract: The invention relates to dielectrically positive liquid crystalline media comprising a compound of formula I wherein the parameters have the meaning given in claim 1 and to liquid crystal displays comprising these media, especially to active matrix displays and in particular to TN and IPS mode displays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media (LC media), characterised in that they comprise one or more compounds of the formula I, and one or more compounds of the formula II, where the parameters have the meaning indicated in claim 1, to the use thereof in electro-optical displays, and to LC displays which contain these LC media.

Abstract: A method for providing clients with access to a service of a server in a network using an OPC-UA, the server service making available varying values of at least one variable to the clients, wherein a client registers for the server service by sending a subscription request for the server service to the server which sets up a subscription structure including a unique subscription ID as well as a TCP/IP multicast group associated with the subscription structure and including a unique multicast address, and there server communicates the multicast address and the subscription ID to every client submitting a subscription request to register for the server service, the server additionally sends each change in value of each variable of the server service to the multicast address over a network via a multicast message so that all clients registered for the server service receive the same multicast message.

Abstract: A method for optimizing repeated write access by a client to at least one variable in a server via OPC UA, wherein a call method for repeated write access is provided on the server, the call method includes notification of an access time interval and at least one variable for the repeated write access, the client calls the call method on the server, the server is notified of an access time interval and the at least one variable for the repeated write access in the process, where the server creates a data structure for the repeated write access and maintains said data structure during the access time interval, values of the at least one variable which are to be written are transmitted to the server by the client during the access time interval, and the server allocates each value transmitted by the client to the associated variable.

Abstract: An OPC UA client that consolidates transmission and reception times so as to extend the antenna amplifier pause times is disclosed. Thus, without requiring a change to the OPC UA protocol, data is sent exclusively at defined focusing times. No sending is meant to be necessary between these times. A set of requests is sent to the server at a particular time. The client then enters reception mode. The server handles the received requests periodically over time. When almost all requests have been handled, a new set of requests is made to the server again. Between these focusing times, the transmitter of the client/mobile device can be switched off completely and hence save power. The method disclosed is totally compatible at all levels of communication, both TCP stack, WLAN for instance.

Abstract: A method for communication between two clients via a server in a network using OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA), wherein a virtual server object that provides a server functionality to a first of two clients is implemented in the server by making available to the first client a virtual address space in an address space of the server, and a process for generating and modifying virtual server nodes in said virtual address space. The server allows the second client to access virtual server nodes in the virtual address space and informs the first client each time that the second client accesses a virtual server node in the virtual address space.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and X1 have the meanings indicated in claim 1, and to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula I, and to the use thereof in electro-optical liquid-crystal displays, in particular in TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS or PS-FFS-, positive VA displays and in shutter spectacles for 3D effects and LC lenses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium), to the use thereof for electrooptical purposes and to LC displays comprising this medium.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electric machine or electric unit by actuating a component of the electric machine or unit using a predicate and by automatically examining the component in regard to the performance of the predicate to permit examination of an automated system for possible errors in a simply manner, wherein the predicate contains an expected value of a (physical) quantity of the component, and wherein in the examination of the component, a check is performed to determine whether the expected value actually arises when the predicate is performed such that erroneous situations can be detected by a runtime system without explicit programming being necessary therefor.