Abstract: In a method for determining an optimized fuel injection profile in an internal combustion engine, a setpoint combustion profile is firstly defined. Furthermore, at least one influential parameter which influences the setpoint combustion profile is determined. With the influential parameter, a corrected fuel injection profile is determined in a closed-loop control process. This method is preferably repeated iteratively.

Abstract: A protection system for an electrical machine includes a first connecting line for connecting an internal space of the electric machine to an external space surrounding the electrical machine, a valve, and a filter which is impermeable to dust. The valve and the first connecting line are configured to render the first connecting line impassable when the valve is closed, and to enable a first gaseous medium to enter the internal space from the external space when the valve is open. The filter is configured to filter the first gaseous medium that enters the internal space from the external space through the first connecting line.

Abstract: In a method for determining an optimized fuel injection profile in an internal combustion engine, a setpoint combustion profile is firstly defined. Furthermore, at least one influential parameter which influences the setpoint combustion profile is determined. With the influential parameter, a corrected fuel injection profile is determined in a closed-loop control process. This method is preferably repeated iteratively.

Abstract: Method for operating an injector, comprising the steps of generating (S201) a digital injection profile by combining trapezoidal individual injection operations which are matched to a prespecified target injection profile (200); and generating (S202) an electrical actuating signal for the injector on the basis of the generated digital injection profile and the actuating parameters of the injector.

Abstract: The method for determining fuel injection profiles in an internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of providing data of a setpoint combustion profile; measuring data of an actual combustion profile; and varying a fuel injection profile, such that the actual combustion profile comes closer to the setpoint combustion profile.

Abstract: An illustrative example method of controlling an engine of a vehicle, includes determining a target pressure curve for a cylinder of the engine, determining a heat release model for the cylinder, determining a mass flow of fuel from the heat release model to achieve the target pressure curve, and automatically controlling opening of an injector of the cylinder of the engine to provide the determined mass flow of fuel to the cylinder.

Abstract: An illustrative example method of controlling an engine of a vehicle, includes determining a target pressure curve for a cylinder of the engine for a first combustion cycle, determining a heat release model for the cylinder for the first combustion cycle, determining a mass flow of fuel from the heat release model to achieve the target pressure curve during the first combustion cycle, and automatically controlling opening of an injector of the cylinder of the engine during the first combustion cycle to provide the determined mass flow of fuel to the cylinder. The method includes determining a real pressure curve during the first combustion cycle and automatically adjusting at least one of the heat release model or the mass flow for a second, subsequent combustion cycle based on a difference between the target pressure curve and the real pressure curve.

Abstract: An illustrative example method of controlling an engine of a vehicle, includes determining a target pressure curve for a cylinder of the engine for a first combustion cycle, determining a heat release model for the cylinder for the first combustion cycle, determining a mass flow of fuel from the heat release model to achieve the target pressure curve during the first combustion cycle, and automatically controlling opening of an injector of the cylinder of the engine during the first combustion cycle to provide the determined mass flow of fuel to the cylinder. The method includes determining a real pressure curve during the first combustion cycle and automatically adjusting at least one of the heat release model or the mass flow for a second, subsequent combustion cycle based on a difference between the target pressure curve and the real pressure curve.

Abstract: An illustrative example method of controlling an engine of a vehicle, includes determining a target pressure curve for a cylinder of the engine, determining a heat release model for the cylinder, determining a mass flow of fuel from the heat release model to achieve the target pressure curve, and automatically controlling opening of an injector of the cylinder of the engine to provide the determined mass flow of fuel to the cylinder.

Abstract: A protection system for an electrical machine includes a first connecting line for connecting an internal space of the electric machine to an external space surrounding the electrical machine, a valve, and a filter which is impermeable to dust. The valve and the first connecting line are configured to render the first connecting line impassable when the valve is closed, and to enable a first gaseous medium to enter the internal space from the external space when the valve is open. The filter is configured to filter the first gaseous medium that enters the internal space from the external space through the first connecting line.