Abstract: There is provided a readout circuit (100) for a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM; 200). The photomultiplier (SiPM; 200) has a first main output (Sout) and a capacitively coupled second output (Fout). The readout circuit (100) comprises a combiner (110) having inputs (IN1, IN2) for receiving signals originating from the first main output (Sout) and the second output (Fout) of the Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM; 200) and configured to generate a combined signal based on the received signals. A first signal path is defined between the first main output (Sout) and a first one (IN1) of the inputs of the combiner (110). A second signal path is defined between the second output (Fout) and a second one (IN2) of the inputs of the combiner (110).

Abstract: An Optical Wireless Communication, OWC, front end (300) comprises a reflective splitter (310). The reflective splitter (310) has a controller port (311) for optical coupling to a controller (200) which generates OWC signals, and the reflective splitter (310) has a plurality of user ports (312) for optical coupling to OWC endpoint devices (400). The reflective splitter (310) is constructed and arranged such that: light received at the controller port (311) is passed to one or more of the user ports (312) for transmission to one or more OWC endpoint devices (400) in optical wireless communication with that user port (312); and light received at any of the user ports (312a) is passed to at least one other of the user ports (312b, 312c) for transmission to one or more OWC endpoint devices (400) in optical wireless communication with that user port (312b, 312c).

Abstract: In a multi-cell wireless communication system (100) with at least one optical access point (120) and at least one radio frequency access point (120), more flexibility is provided to an end device (110) in selecting an access point (120) for establishing a data link. Because of the line-of-sight characteristic of an optical link and the limited field of view of an optical receiver, optical cells are typically deployed with a relatively high density and adjacent optical cells may have an overlapping area. This invention discloses a method of an end device (110) for selecting a favorable access point (120) with reduced overhead, even when the end device is located in the overlapping area of two adjacent optical cells.

Abstract: To satisfy the application requirement to meet a high data rate and obtain a large coverage in an optical wireless communication system, an optical front-end subsystem (100) is disclosed in the present invention. The optical front-end subsystem (100) comprises a first photodiode (110) with a first active surface area and a second photodiode (120) with a second active surface area, wherein the second active surface area is larger than the first active surface area. Depending on the received signal strength, either the branch with the first photodiode (110) or the branch with the second photodiode (120) is selected to provide an output signal of the optical front-end subsystem (100). Receiver diversity is achieved by making use of the first photodiode to support high speed communication and the second photodiode to support large coverage communication.

Abstract: A bias circuit (100) of an avalanche photodiode, APD, comprising: a voltage conversion module (110) connected to the APD, wherein the voltage conversion module (110) is configured to convert an input supply voltage (Vin) to a bias voltage for the APD; an error amplifier (120) connected to the voltage conversion module (110) for implementing a feedback control; a voltage feedback loop (130) configured to provide the error amplifier (120) a first analog signal related to the bias voltage; and a current feedback loop (140) configured to provide the error amplifier (120) a second analog signal related to the APD current; wherein the error amplifier (120) is configured to control the voltage conversion module (110) based on the first and the second analog signals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a power supply system for an optical wireless communication system where a modem (212) is connected to a plurality of transceivers (11). The underlying idea being that the transceivers (11) are powering the modem (212), rather than the modem (212) powering the transceivers (11). To achieve this, a power combiner is provided that can receive power from the transceivers (11). The transceivers (11) power down when no endpoint is detected and use a subset of emitters, in which case the modem (212) can also be switched to a lower power mode.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid centrifugal extractor, including a shaft, a first mixing chamber with at least one first inlet for a first and a second liquid, the first and the second liquid being mixed by rotating the shaft, a separator mounted on the shaft for separating the first from the second liquid, a first collecting chamber for extracting one of the first and second liquid, wherein the first mixing chamber extends along a first axial section of the shaft and the separator extends along a second axial section of the shaft, the second axial section of the shaft being spaced from the first axial section in axial direction of the shaft.

Abstract: A bias circuit (100) of an avalanche photodiode, APD, comprising: a voltage conversion module (110) connected to the APD, wherein the voltage conversion module (110) is configured to convert an input supply voltage (Vin) to a bias voltage for the APD; an error amplifier (120) connected to the voltage conversion module (110) for implementing a feedback control; a voltage feedback loop (130) configured to provide the error amplifier (120) a first analog signal related to the bias voltage; and a current feedback loop (140) configured to provide the error amplifier (120) a second analog signal related to the APD current; wherein the error amplifier (120) is configured to control the voltage conversion module (110) based on the first and the second analog signals.

Abstract: The application relates to a method for determining at least one speed component of a fluid stream, in particular for laser Doppler anemometry, the method having at least the steps of: —providing at least a first part-beam and a second part-beam; —directing the first part-beam along a first optical path and directing the second part-beam along a second optical path onto a superimposition region within the fluid stream so that the first optical path and the second optical path intersect in the superimposition region; —detecting a Doppler-shifted first part-beam scattered light signal, which was back-scattered by tracer particles in the fluid stream in the superimposition region, at least partially following the first optical path; —detecting a Doppler-shifted solid angle scattered light signal, which was scattered by the tracer particles in the superimposition region into a path different at least from the first optical path and from the second optical path.

Abstract: To satisfy the application requirement to meet a high data rate and obtain a large coverage in an optical wireless communication system, an optical wireless communication, OWC, transmitter (100) is disclosed in the present invention. The OWC transmitter (100) comprises a first light source (150) configured to emit a first optical data signal (151) in a first field-of-view, FoV (155); and a second light source (160) configured to emit a second optical data signal (161) in a second FoV (165). The first light source (150) and the second light source (160) are of different types, and the first FoV (155) is wider than the second FoV (165). The OWC transmitter (100) is configured to emit the first optical data signal (151) via the first light source (150) and to emit the second optical data signal (161) via the second light source (160) simultaneously.

Abstract: A pluggable connector is provided for use in an optical wireless communications, OWC, system. A main housing has an electrical connector for pluggable connection to a socket, with an optical transmitter and receive circuitry in the main housing. A carrier part has an adjustable orientation relative to the main housing and includes a (passive) optical output device for delivering an optical communications signal beam and an (active) optical receiver for receiving an optical communications signal beam. A flexible optical connector is provided between the optical transmitter and the optical output device and a flexible electrical connector is provided between the optical receiver and the receive circuitry. This provides a hybrid connection scheme between a movable optical carrier part and a static electrical part.

Abstract: To satisfy the application requirement to meet a high data rate and obtain a large coverage in an optical wireless communication system, an optical front-end subsystem (100) is disclosed in the present invention. The optical front-end subsystem (100) comprises a first photodiode (110) with a first active surface area and a second photodiode (120) with a second active surface area, wherein the second active surface area is larger than the first active surface area. Depending on the received signal strength, either the branch with the first photodiode (110) or the branch with the second photodiode (120) is selected to provide an output signal of the optical front-end subsystem (100). Receiver diversity is achieved by making use of the first photodiode to support high speed communication and the second photodiode to support large coverage communication.

Abstract: This invention relates to a power supply system for an optical wireless communication system where a modem (212) is connected to a plurality of transceivers (11). The underlying idea being that the transceivers (11) are powering the modem (212), rather than the modem (212) powering the transceivers (11). To achieve this, a power combiner is provided that can receive power from the transceivers (11). The transceivers (11) power down when no endpoint is detected and use a subset of emitters, in which case the modem (212) can also be switched to a lower power mode.

Abstract: In a multi-cell wireless communication system (100) with at least one optical access point (120) and at least one radio frequency access point (120), more flexibility is provided to an end device (110) in selecting an access point (120) for establishing a data link. Because of the line-of-sight characteristic of an optical link and the limited field of view of an optical receiver, optical cells are typically deployed with a relatively high density and adjacent optical cells may have an overlapping area. This invention discloses a method of an end device (110) for selecting a favorable access point (120) with reduced overhead, even when the end device is located in the overlapping area of two adjacent optical cells.

Abstract: A bag unlocking method includes receiving, by a bag handling system, a bag during a check-in process. The bag handling system identifies, from a travel carrier system, traveler information corresponding to the bag. A securing device of the bag is programmed, using an unlock code pertaining to the traveler information. The bag handling system reads a bag tag of the bag at a baggage inspection station and determines the unlock code pertaining to the bag tag. The bag handling system transmits the unlock code to cause the securing device to unlock at the baggage inspection station.

Abstract: A bag unlocking method includes receiving, by a bag handling system, a bag during a check-in process. The bag handling system identifies, from a travel carrier system, traveler information corresponding to the bag. A securing device of the bag is programmed, using an unlock code pertaining to the traveler information. The bag handling system reads a bag tag of the bag at a baggage inspection station and determines the unlock code pertaining to the bag tag. The bag handling system transmits the unlock code to cause the securing device to unlock at the baggage inspection station.

Abstract: A bag unlocking method includes receiving, by a bag handling system, a bag during a check-in process. The bag handling system identifies, from a travel carrier system, traveler information corresponding to the bag. A securing device of the bag is programmed, using an unlock code pertaining to the traveler information. The bag handling system reads a bag tag of the bag at a baggage inspection station and determines the unlock code pertaining to the bag tag. The bag handling system transmits the unlock code to cause the securing device to unlock at the baggage inspection station.

Abstract: A bag unlocking method includes receiving, by a bag handling system, a bag during a check-in process. The bag handling system identifies, from a travel carrier system, traveler information corresponding to the bag. A securing device of the bag is programmed, using an unlock code pertaining to the traveler information. The bag handling system reads a bag tag of the bag at a baggage inspection station and determines the unlock code pertaining to the bag tag. The bag handling system transmits the unlock code to cause the securing device to unlock at the baggage inspection station.

Abstract: A bag unlocking method includes receiving, by a bag handling system, a bag during a check-in process. The bag handling system identifies, from a travel carrier system, traveler information corresponding to the bag. A securing device of the bag is programmed, using an unlock code pertaining to the traveler information. The bag handling system reads a bag tag of the bag at a baggage inspection station, and determines the unlock code pertaining to the bag tag. The bag handling system transmits the unlock code to cause the securing device to unlock at the baggage inspection station.

Abstract: A bag unlocking method includes receiving, by a bag handling system, a bag during a check-in process. The bag handling system identifies, from a travel carrier system, traveler information corresponding to the bag. A securing device of the bag is programmed, using an unlock code pertaining to the traveler information. The bag handling system reads a bag tag of the bag at a baggage inspection station, and determines the unlock code pertaining to the bag tag. The bag handling system transmits the unlock code to cause the securing device to unlock at the baggage inspection station.