Abstract: A method includes transmitting time-critical messages in an OSI layer 2 network tunnel from a first IED in a first substation to a second IED in a second substation over a WAN, wherein each of the first and second substation comprises an edge IED and is associated with a substation LAN, wherein each of the time-critical messages comprises message parameters. The method includes: creating a translation table comprising corresponding values of the message parameters, between the LANs and the WAN; defining a virtual IED in the second substation using the translated values of the message parameters, to impersonate the first IED; translating the message parameters according to the translation table, by the edge IED of the first and second substation; forwarding the time-critical messages from the first IED in the first substation to the WAN; and receiving the time-critical messages by the second IED in the second substation from the WAN.

Abstract: A network interface is disclosed for redundant coupling of a substation communication network and a packet-switched WAN of a power network. The interface device can include: a first redundancy module having: two LAN ports connectable with the Substation communication network, and a first interface port; a second redundancy module having: two WAN ports connectable with the WAN, and a second interface port; and a first interworking module connecting the first with the second redundancy module via the first and the second interface port, and adapted to forward protection data between the first and the second redundancy module.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of transmitting time-critical messages in an OSI layer 2 network tunnel from a first TED in a first substation to a second IED in a second substation over a WAN, wherein each of the first and second substation comprises an edge IED and is associated with a substation LAN, wherein each of the time-critical messages comprises message parameters. The method comprises the steps of: a) creating a translation table comprising corresponding values of the message parameters, between the LANs and the WAN, b) defining a virtual FED in the second substation using the translated values of the message parameters, to impersonate the first IED, c) translating the message parameters according to the translation table, by the edge IED of the first and second substation, d) forwarding the time-critical messages from the first IED in the first substation to the WAN, and e) receiving the time-critical messages by the second IED in the second substation from the WAN.

Abstract: An exemplary method and system of the present disclosure use the Parallel Redundancy Protocol PRP (IEC 62439-3) for traffic duplication and redundant transport of the duplicated traffic in a single packet-switched wide-area communication network including a plurality of nodes interconnected via inter-node links in a meshed topology. The method involves identifying, between a send and receive node, two distinct communication paths with no link or node in common except for the send and receive node, and configuring the send and receive nodes to operate according to the Parallel Redundancy Protocol PRP. At any time during regular operation, and for any critical message to be transmitted from the send to the receive node, two redundant packets can be generated, and each of the redundant packets is sent via one of the two communication paths, resulting in an increased availability of the communication network without incurring the cost of full network duplication.

Abstract: A network interface is disclosed for redundant coupling of a substation communication network and a packet-switched WAN of a power network. The interface device can include: a first redundancy module having: two LAN ports connectable with the Substation communication network, and a first interface port; a second redundancy module having: two WAN ports connectable with the WAN, and a second interface port; and a first interworking module connecting the first with the second redundancy module via the first and the second interface port, and adapted to forward protection data between the first and the second redundancy module.

Abstract: An exemplary method and system of the present disclosure use the Parallel Redundancy Protocol PRP (IEC 62439-3) for traffic duplication and redundant transport of the duplicated traffic in a single packet-switched wide-area communication network including a plurality of nodes interconnected via inter-node links in a meshed topology. The method involves identifying, between a send and receive node, two distinct communication paths with no link or node in common except for the send and receive node, and configuring the send and receive nodes to operate according to the Parallel Redundancy Protocol PRP. At any time during regular operation, and for any critical message to be transmitted from the send to the receive node, two redundant packets can be generated, and each of the redundant packets is sent via one of the two communication paths, resulting in an increased availability of the communication network without incurring the cost of full network duplication.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tape comprising from (i) about 75 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of a thermoplastic polyester, (ii) from about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt % of a linear low-density polyethylene and (iii) from 0 wt % to about 5 wt % of other components, said tape having a thickness from 5 ?m to 300 ?m and a width from 0.5 mm to 7 mm. This tape shows no twinning and sticking to other tapes after slitting, has very good mechanical properties. When the tape is wound, bobbins having a regular shape can be obtained.

Abstract: A method and modem are provided for obtaining an optimized efficiency of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) data transmission, such as for power line communication, for example. The length or duration of a guard interval or cyclic prefix in an OFDM symbol is newly selected at each start-up of a modem while initializing or preparing the OFDM data transmission. The length of the guard interval can be given by the number of samples in a time-discrete representation, and the value of such number of samples that is retained for the subsequent data transmission can be selected from a plurality of pre-determined possibilities based on an evaluation of a channel quality of a communication channel including a physical line to which the modem is connected. Hence, the selected value depends on actual transmission conditions, and the optimization potential offered by a more flexible handling of system parameters is exploited to meet changing conditions on the physical line.

Abstract: A method and modem are provided for obtaining an optimized efficiency of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) data transmission, such as for power line communication, for example. The length or duration of a guard interval or cyclic prefix in an OFDM symbol is newly selected at each start-up of a modem while initializing or preparing the OFDM data transmission. The length of the guard interval can be given by the number of samples in a time-discrete representation, and the value of such number of samples that is retained for the subsequent data transmission can be selected from a plurality of pre-determined possibilities based on an evaluation of a channel quality of a communication channel including a physical line to which the modem is connected. Hence, the selected value depends on actual transmission conditions, and the optimization potential offered by a more flexible handling of system parameters is exploited to meet changing conditions on the physical line.