Abstract: A system for wireless communications is provided. The system includes a hand-held wireless communications device, such as a cell phone. An antenna is connected to the cell phone. The antenna radiates radio waves over an area of less than 360 degrees of arc, such as in a cardioid or hemisphere. The antenna is oriented such that hemisphere is in the direction away from a head of a user of the cell phone.

Abstract: A system for wireless communications is provided. The system includes a hand-held wireless communications device, such as a cell phone. An antenna is connected to the cell phone. The antenna radiates radio waves over an area of less than 360 degrees of arc, such as in a cardioid or hemisphere. The antenna is oriented such that hemisphere is in the direction away from a head of a user of the cell phone.

Abstract: Embodiments of the instant invention are directed to a communications system that monitors the output power level of the communications unit and adjusts the output power level so as to conserve power and maximize the duration of time that any given power supply can operate the communications unit. Preferred embodiments of the communications system include a power monitoring system for monitoring remaining capacity of a power supply and modulating the output power level of an amplifier. The power monitoring system is disposed within the communications unit and comprises a sensor and a processor, wherein the sensor monitors the remaining capacity and the processor modulates the output power level.

Abstract: A system for wireless communications is provided. The system includes a hand-held wireless communications device, such as a cell phone. An antenna is connected to the cell phone. The antenna radiates radio waves over an area of less than 360 degrees of arc, such as in a cardioid or hemisphere. The antenna is oriented such that hemisphere is in the direction away from a head of a user of the cell phone.

Abstract: An improved battery management circuit and system are disclosed. The improved battery management system relates to the type having at least one battery cell that is connected in a circuit with battery powered components, a current sensing resistance that is located in series within the circuit, voltage measurement circuitry that measures the voltage that develops across the current sensing resistance in proportion to the current flowing through the resistance, a cutout switch that is located in series within the circuit, and means for opening the cutout switch when the measured voltage is too high. The improvement is a single circuit element which functions as the current sensing resistance and as the cutout switch, the single circuit element having first and second electrodes and a control electrode that turns the first and second electrodes "on" and "off" and wherein the current sensing resistance is an on-resistance between the first and second electrodes.