Abstract: A CMOS integrated circuit comprising digital-to-analogue converters (DACs), analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs), a digital signal processor (DSP), on-chip switching, an on-chip processor; and logic enabling to receive data from data sources in a 5G network, combine the data from the data sources into a single data stream, encode the single data stream using the DSP, and cause the encoded single data stream to be transmitted to another device in the 5G network.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, a method and apparatus for encoding a first spectral efficiency into a second spectral efficiency; wherein the second spectral efficiency has a higher order than the first spectral efficiency. In a second embodiment, a method and apparatus for achieving at least two spectral efficiencies using a single type of modulation.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, method and apparatus for encoding a first spectral efficiency into a second spectral efficiency; wherein the second spectral efficiency has a higher order than the first spectral efficiency. In a second embodiment, a method and apparatus for achieving at least two spectral efficiencies using a single type of modulation.

Abstract: A control method is provided for a filter system, which includes at least one filter element (2). The method includes continuously recording a total energy consumption (EG) during a filtration cycle (22) of the filter system. The total energy consumption (EG) includes at least of the energy consumption (EB) for a physical cleaning (24) and the energy consumption (EP) for the subsequent production cycle (23) up to a predefined, in particular current point in time. The method further includes computing a relative energy consumption (Erel) by way of division of the recorded total energy consumption (EG) by a net permeate volume (QN) which has been produced during the filtration cycle (22) up to the predefined point in time and starting a physical cleaning (24) in dependence on the relative energy consumption or of a characteristic value derived from this.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, method and apparatus for encoding a first spectral efficiency into a second spectral efficiency; wherein the second spectral efficiency has a higher order than the first spectral efficiency. In a second embodiment, a method and apparatus for achieving at least two spectral efficiencies using a single type of modulation.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for encoding a data for transmission across a communication link, the comprising encoding the data into a constellation; wherein the constellation is of a power 2n; wherein n is an odd number; wherein encoding the constellation creates outer constellation points forming a square at an edge of the constellation.

Abstract: A system for and methods of secure online personal data storage and access, wherein member users may enter any type of information and wherein some portion of the entered information can be marked as public. Further, each member user may have a membership card with an encoded identifier, such as a quick response (QR) code, barcode, RFID tag, or alphanumeric code thereon and wherein a third party can scan the encoded identifier and view the public information of the member user.

Abstract: Disclosed are bias control methods for Mach-Zehnder modulators for the generation of optical QAM signals while ensuring correct I/Q polarity of the generated optical QAM signal. One exemplary method involves temporarily offsetting I and Q biases from ideal transmission null bias points while another illustrative method temporarily makes I and Q data streams identical.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for monitoring and measuring Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratios in optical communications systems. One exemplary method involves intentionally inserting zero power symbols into an optical signal stream such that those periods of time in which only zero power symbols are transmitted may be detected and compared with periods of time in which signals modulated with information including both signal and noise are detected such that the OSNR may be determined.

Abstract: A method for joining a mobile device to a meeting event begins with docking a mobile device in a docking station. The mobile device can be associated with a user profile, and is operable to receive a monitoring input. The mobile device detects a change in the monitoring input, and determines whether or not the change in the monitoring input corresponds with a docked state of the mobile device. Upon determining that the change in monitoring input did correspond with a docked state, a meeting application of the mobile device configures a docking mode of the mobile device. The meeting application connects to a meeting calendar that is associated with the user profile, and retrieves a desired meeting event from the meeting calendar. The meeting application then joins the desired meeting event.

Abstract: Disclosed are bias control methods for Mach-Zehnder modulators for the generation of optical QAM signals while ensuring correct I/Q polarity of the generated optical QAM signal. One exemplary method involves temporarily offsetting I and Q biases from ideal transmission null bias points while another illustrative method temporarily makes I and Q data streams identical.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for monitoring and measuring Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratios in optical communications systems. One exemplary method involves intentionally inserting zero power symbols into an optical signal stream such that those periods of time in which only zero power symbols are transmitted may be detected and compared with periods of time in which signals modulated with information including both signal and noise are detected such that the OSNR may be determined.

Abstract: Disclosed are bias control methods for Mach-Zehnder modulators for the generation of optical QAM signals while ensuring correct I/Q polarity of the generated optical QAM signal. One exemplary method involves temporarily offsetting I and Q biases from ideal transmission null bias points while another illustrative method temporarily makes I and Q data streams identical.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for monitoring and measuring Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratios in optical communications systems. One exemplary method involves intentionally inserting zero power symbols into an optical signal stream such that those periods of time in which only zero power symbols are transmitted may be detected and compared with periods of time in which signals modulated with information including both signal and noise are detected such that the OSNR may be determined.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, structures, and devices that provide multi-range frequency domain compensation of chromatic dispersion within optical transmission systems that offer significant operational power savings. More specifically, a method of operating frequency domain filtering structures and circuits including FFT, frequency-domain filter multiplication and iFFT functions at a lower duty cycle for shorter overlap such that significant power savings is realized.

Abstract: A control method is provided for a filter system, which includes at least one filter element (2). The method includes continuously recording a total energy consumption (EG) during a filtration cycle (22) of the filter system. The total energy consumption (EG) includes at least of the energy consumption (EB) for a physical cleaning (24) and the energy consumption (EP) for the subsequent production cycle (23) up to a predefined, in particular current point in time. The method further includes computing a relative energy consumption (Erel) by way of division of the recorded total energy consumption (EG) by a net permeate volume (QN) which has been produced during the filtration cycle (22) up to the predefined point in time and starting a physical cleaning (24) in dependence on the relative energy consumption or of a characteristic value derived from this.

Abstract: A method for joining a mobile device to a meeting event begins with docking a mobile device in a docking station. The mobile device can be associated with a user profile, and is operable to receive a monitoring input. The mobile device detects a change in the monitoring input, and determines whether or not the change in the monitoring input corresponds with a docked state of the mobile device. Upon determining that the change in monitoring input did correspond with a docked state, a meeting application of the mobile device configures a docking mode of the mobile device. The meeting application connects to a meeting calendar that is associated with the user profile, and retrieves a desired meeting event from the meeting calendar. The meeting application then joins the desired meeting event.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for monitoring and measuring Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratios in optical communications systems. One exemplary method involves intentionally inserting zero power symbols into an optical signal stream such that those periods of time in which only zero power symbols are transmitted may be detected and compared with periods of time in which signals modulated with information including both signal and noise are detected such that the OSNR may be determined.

Abstract: Disclosed are bias control methods for Mach-Zehnder modulators for the generation of optical QAM signals while ensuring correct I/Q polarity of the generated optical QAM signal. One exemplary method involves temporarily offsetting I and Q biases from ideal transmission null bias points while another illustrative method temporarily makes I and Q data streams identical.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, structures, and devices that provide multi-range frequency domain compensation of chromatic dispersion within optical transmission systems that offer significant operational power savings. More specifically, a method of operating frequency domain filtering structures and circuits including FFT, frequency-domain filter multiplication and iFFT functions at a lower duty cycle for shorter overlap such that significant power savings is realized.