Abstract: A method and a control device for monitoring the pressure in a crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The desired values for the pressure in the crankcase are defined for a plurality of operating points of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, at least one of the defined desired pressure values is modified during operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method and a control device for monitoring the pressure in a crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The desired values for the pressure in the crankcase are defined for a plurality of operating points of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, at least one of the defined desired pressure values is modified during operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A compressible and expandable sample tube holder includes a housing with a plurality of adjacent section members, movable toward and away from each other. Biasing members normally maintain the section members in an expanded condition. In the compressed condition the spacing between section members is reduced. A sample tube breakage detector includes slidable plungers having a protracted position that corresponds to a broken sample tube and a retracted position that corresponds to an unbroken sample tube in the sample tube holder. A detector compares the plunger positions before and after centrifuge spin to detect any broken sample tubes in the sample tube holder. A gripper device for the sample tube holder includes a lifting probe and a stabilizer to stabilize the sample tube holder during lifting. The gripper device and breakage detector are raised and lowered by a raising and lowering device having first and second telescoping members.

Abstract: In a method of controlling an internal combustion engine wherein an injection begin is calculated depending at least on an actual engine speed and the injection begin is corrected, the injection begin correction is calculated from a deviation of a desired air mass flow from an actual air mass flow.

Abstract: In a method for a torque-based control of an internal combustion engine wherein from an input value representing a desired engine power output a desired torque value is calculated, then the desired torque value is converted using a performance graph while taking another value into consideration to a first power output determining signal, which is then corrected by way of a relative efficiency and a power determining signal for controlling the drive torque is determined. The additional value corresponds to a relative friction moment, which is calculated from an actual deviation of the state of the engine from a standard state in which the relative friction moment is zero.

Abstract: In a method of controlling an internal combustion engine wherein an injection begin is calculated depending at least on an actual engine speed and the injection begin is corrected, the injection begin correction is calculated from a deviation of a desired air mass flow from an actual air mass flow.

Abstract: A method for the torque-oriented control of an internal combustion engine in which a set torque is computed from an input variable that represents the desired power, and the set torque is limited to an air mass-dependent maximum torque.

Abstract: In a method for a torque-based control of an internal combustion engine wherein from an input value representing a desired engine power output a desired torque value is calculated, then the desired torque value is converted using a performance graph while taking another value into consideration to a first power output determining signal, which is then corrected by way of a relative efficiency and a power determining signal for controlling the drive torque is determined. The additional value corresponds to a relative friction moment, which is calculated from an actual deviation of the state of the engine from a standard state in which the relative friction moment is zero.

Abstract: A method for the torque-oriented control of an internal combustion engine in which a set torque is computed from an input variable that represents the desired power, and the set torque is limited to an air mass-dependent maximum torque.

Abstract: A compressible and expandable sample tube holder includes a housing with a plurality of adjacent section members, movable toward and away from each other. Biasing members normally maintain the section members in an expanded condition. In the compressed condition the spacing between section members is reduced. A sample tube breakage detector for the sample tube holder includes slidable plungers having a protracted position that corresponds to a broken sample tube and a retracted position that corresponds to an unbroken sample tube in the sample tube holder. A detector compares the plunger positions before and after a centrifuge spin operation to detect any broken sample tubes in the sample tube holder. A gripper device for gripping the sample tube holder includes a lifting probe with an actuatable eccentric portion to hold the sample tube holder and a stabilizer to stabilize the sample tube holder during lifting.

Abstract: A slide magazine for slide frames having a peripheral edge with a peripherally extending groove on the two faces thereof and a notch at at least one edge portion of the peripheral edge, comprises a base portion with longitudinally spaced pairs of transverse rib portions. The rib portions of each pair are disposed in alignment transversely to the base portion and each pair is spaced from an adjacent pair to provide a slide frame-receiving compartment. The rib portions carry retaining ribs to hold the respective slide frame in a spill-resistant manner in the slide magazine, and each rib portion further has a projection for engaging into the groove to hold the respective slide frame in its compartment. A resilient finger in the base of each compartment has a retaining nose to engage into the notch of the slide frame to hold it in position. Slide frames can thus be inserted into and removed from the slide magazine at both sides thereof.

Abstract: A slide magazine has a base portion and partitioning walls which project upwardly away from the base portion at mutual spacings to form compartments for accommodating respective slide frames. The partitioning walls are of a height which is adapted to the slide frames and at their ends remote from the base portion are connected together by a strip-shaped holding portion extending over the length of the slide magazine so each compartment can be loaded and unloaded from both sides. To prevent the slide frame in a compartment from falling out laterally, provided at each side of each compartment is at least one resilient retaining portion in the form of a resilient finger with a retaining nose arranged to engage the slide frame.

Abstract: In a mixing projector, a guide element for the slide magazine extends transversely with respect to the optical axes of the objective lens systems of the optical assembly. Disposed between the two projector units for projecting the respective slides is a main slider member which is displaceable parallel to the optical axes of the optical assembly, for transportation of slides between the magazine and a slide turning mechanism which turns the respective slides through 90.degree.. Transverse slider members then provide for transportation of the turned slides into and out of the positions thereof for projection through the objective lenses of the optical assembly.

Abstract: A sectional scraper device which is foldable in zig-zag position by remote pulling means and which can be let down through a clad bore hole and can be deviated to follow layers of mineral to be mined by a to and fro movement of the scraper device combined with transport of loosened minerals by liquid circulation through the bore hole. The scraping action may be strengthened by the action of liquid jets emanating from the scraper device.