Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrolysis cell comprising: a cathode space housing a cathode; a first ion exchange membrane including an anion exchanger and adjoining the cathode space; an anode space housing an anode; a second ion exchange membrane including a cation exchanger and adjoining the anode space; and a salt bridge space disposed between the first ion exchange membrane and the second ion exchange membrane. The cathode comprises: a gas diffusion electrode having a porous bound catalyst structure of a particulate catalyst on a support; a coating of a particulate catalyst on the first and/or second ion exchange membrane; and a porous conductive support impregnated with a catalyst.

Abstract: An electrode, which includes at least one tetragonally crystallized compound containing at least one element selected from the group of Cu and Ag, the crystal lattice of the compound being of the space group I41/amd type. An electrolysis cell includes the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrolysis systems and methods. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and systems for the utilization of carbon dioxide and production of carbon monoxide. For example, a method may include: passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber; and removing electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system. The cathode may include material to reduce carbon dioxide. The process may generate a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide as the electrolysis product and a formate as an electrolysis byproduct. The filter system may include a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonia and an apparatus for producing ammonia are disclosed herein. The process includes: the electrolytic production of a metal at a cathode of an electrolysis cell, wherein the metal is selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al and/or alloys and/or mixtures thereof; production of a nitride of the metal M by reaction of the electrolytically produced metal with a gas including nitrogen; introduction of the nitride of the metal M into the electrolysis cell (e.g., into an anode chamber of the electrolysis cell); and reaction of the nitride of the metal M at an anode of the electrolysis cell to produce ammonia.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode for carbon dioxide utilization, including a metal substrate and an electrically conductive catalyst layer, which is applied to the metal substrate and has hydrophilic pores and/or channels and hydrophobic pores and/or channels, wherein the catalyst layer includes metal particles and a first polymeric binding material; and a porous gas diffusion layer containing the first polymeric binding material is formed on the surface of the catalyst layer. A method produces a gas diffusion electrode for CO2 utilization and an electrolytic cell has a corresponding gas diffusion electrode.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode for carbon dioxide treatment includes a metal substrate and an electrically conductive catalyst layer which is applied thereto and has hydrophilic pores and/or channels and hydrophobic pores and/or channels, the catalyst layer including metal particles which are coated at least in regions with a polymeric binder material. A method produces a gas diffusion electrode for CO2 treatment, and an electrolysis cell has a corresponding gas diffusion electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing phosgene directly from the directly combined raw products, preferably only dried raw products, of a combined CO2 chloride electrolysis. A first gaseous product of CO is produced from CO2 on the cathode side in at least one electrolysis cell for a CO2 conversion into CO, and a second gaseous product of at least Cl2 is produced from HCl and/or a metal chloride on the anode side, wherein phosgene is produced from the gaseous products.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell having a multi-chamber structure, wherein an anion exchanger with a first ion exchanger membrane connects to a cathode chamber, wherein a salt bridge chamber connects to the first ion exchanger membrane, the salt bridge chamber with a fixed anion exchanger. An electrolysis system has such an electrolysis cell and a method for electrolysis of CO2 uses such an electrolysis cell or electrolysis system.

Abstract: An electrode, which includes at least one tetragonally crystallized compound containing at least one element selected from the group of Cu and Ag, the crystal lattice of the compound being of the space group I41/amd type. An electrolysis cell includes the electrode.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrolysis cell comprising: a cathode space housing a cathode for the reduction of CO2; a first ion exchange membrane including an anion exchanger and/or an anion transporter, the first ion exchange membrane adjoining the cathode space and in direct contact with the cathode; an anode space housing an anode; a first separator membrane; and a salt bridge space housing an electrolyte disposed between the first ion exchange membrane and the first separator membrane. The electrolyte in the salt bridge space comprises a liquid acid and/or a solution of an acid.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell, includes a cathode space with a cathode, an anode space with an anode, and a salt bridge space, which is arranged between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode space and the salt bridge space are delimited from one another by the cathode and the salt bridge space and the anode space are delimited from one another by the anode, and the cathode and the anode are formed as a gas diffusion electrode. An electrolysis plant has a corresponding electrolysis cell and a method for carries out electrochemical reactions with the electrolysis cell or electrolysis plant.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode having at least two layers, of which a first layer has an electrically conductive fabric, which is embedded at least in part in a hydrophobically acting polymer matrix, and a second layer has an open porosity which has catalytically acting particles and has a thickness between 1 ?m and 50 ?m.

Abstract: An electrode including Cu4O3, in particular an ethylene-selective electrode with a mixed valence Cu4O3 catalyst. A method for producing an electrode of this type, an electrolytic cell having an electrode of this type, and a method for electrochemically converting carbon dioxide using such an electrode including Cu4O3.

Abstract: A method for the electrochemical reaction of an organic material, and a device in which a corresponding method is carried out including a porous electrode for the electrochemical reaction of organic compounds in two immiscible phases in an electrochemical flow reactor. A first nonpolar solvent and a first polar electrolyte or a first organic material in the form of a liquid or gas and the first polar electrolyte form a first phase boundary with one another in such a form that the first phase boundary in the electrochemical conversion is at least partly within a first electrode, preferably at an interface between a first lipophilic layer and a second hydrophilic layer.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode comprising a metal M selected from Ag, Au, Cu and mixtures and/or alloys, the method comprising: providing a copper-, silver- and/or gold-containing starting material comprising at least one alkaline earth metal-copper, alkaline earth metal-silver and/or alkaline earth metal-gold phase, where the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of: Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; introducing the starting material into a solution having a pH of less than 5 and reacting to give a catalyst material; removing and washing the catalyst material; and processing the catalyst material to form a gas diffusion electrode.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a gas diffusion electrode comprising: a metal M selected from the group consisting of: Ag, Au, Cu, and Pd; a binder; hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores and/or channels; and an anion transport material in the pores and/or channels.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrolysis cell comprising: a cathode space housing a cathode; a first ion exchange membrane including an anion exchanger and adjoining the cathode space; an anode space housing an anode; a second ion exchange membrane including a cation exchanger and adjoining the anode space; and a salt bridge space disposed between the first ion exchange membrane and the second ion exchange membrane. The cathode comprises: a gas diffusion electrode having a porous bound catalyst structure of a particulate catalyst on a support; a coating of a particulate catalyst on the first and/or second ion exchange membrane; and a porous conductive support impregnated with a catalyst.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a gas diffusion electrode comprising: a) Ag, Au, Cu, and/or Pd; and b) a compound of (a) with a solubility in water at 25° C. and standard pressure of less than 0.1 mol/L. The compound is: M1-xX, M2-yY, M2-yY?w or M3-zZ. w?2, 0?x?0.5, 0?y?1, and 0?z?1.5. X is: Cl, Br, Br3, I, I3, P3, As3, As5, As7, Sb3, Sb5, or Sb7. Y and Y? are: S, S, or Te. Z is: P, As, Sb, Bi, P3, As3, As5, As7, Sb3, Sb5, Sb7, molybdates, tungstates, selenates, arsenates, vanadates, chromates, manganates, niobates of the metal M and thio and/or seleno derivatives of these, or compounds of the formula MaXbYcZd where a?2, b?4, c?8, d?4. b and c are not both 0.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrode comprising: a solid electrolyte; and a metal M selected from the group of metals consisting of: Cu, Ag, Au, and Pd. The solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: germanium disulfide, germanium diselenide, germanium sulfide, germanium selenide, tungsten trioxide, silver(I) sulfide, silicon dioxide, yttrium-stabilized zirconium(IV) oxide, polysulfone, polybenzoxazole, and polyimide.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for the partial electrochemical hydrogenation of alkynes of the chemical formula (I) to alkenes, wherein R and R? are selected from inorganic and/or organic radicals, the method comprising: hydrogenating the compound of the chemical formula (I) on a copper-containing electrode.