Abstract: Example embodiments may relate to an apparatus, method and/or computer program for managing timing advance loops. The method may comprise receiving, at a user equipment from a plurality of network nodes, respective downlink reference signals, wherein an antenna system of the user equipment receives the downlink reference signals using a wide beam configuration. The method may also comprise performing measurements on the received downlink reference signals to determine a parameter and for determining that the parameter does not meet a predetermined criteria. Based on the parameter not meeting the predetermined criteria, the method may comprise configuring the antenna system such that at least one of the downlink reference signals is received using a narrow beam configuration. The method may involve re-performing the measurements on downlink reference signals from the plurality of network nodes.

Abstract: A method including: receiving, by a multi-panel user equipment from a serving network entity, information indicative of predicted transmissions of reference signals by a serving network entity or target network entity; and applying a panel prioritization strategy for the multi-panel user equipment based on the received information indicative of predicted transmissions of reference signals.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including circuitry for, at a user equipment, receiving, from a network node, configuration parameters defining resources associated with a plurality of signals for transmission of a first message of a random access procedure, obtaining signal measurements for the plurality of signals, determining a number of transmissions of the first message for a first signal and a second signal from the plurality of signals based on the obtained signal measurements, choosing resources associated with one of the first signal and the second signal for transmission of the first message, based at least on the determined number of transmissions of the first message for the respective signals and the obtained signal measurements and performing transmission of the first message of the random access procedure on at least part of the chosen resources.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes at least receiver circuitry, a processor, and memory. The apparatus also includes a plurality of directional antennas configured to simultaneously receive different downlink signals for each polarization. The apparatus further includes control circuitry for controlling processes for beam sweeping, beam refinement, and selecting a beam pair that maximizes signal strength while minimizing inter-layer-group interference. A portable electronic device and a stationary electronic device that include the apparatus are also provided. A method carried out by means, such as the apparatus, is also provided. A computer program product, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium, for causing an apparatus to carry out such a method is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code with the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to control: receiving scheduling information for uplink transmission; performing at least one scheduled uplink transmission according to the scheduling information; controlling content of a power headroom report in dependence upon detection of a reflection of the scheduled uplink transmission; and transmitting the power headroom report having content controlled in dependence upon detection of the reflection of the scheduled uplink transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for radio channel pattern matching. One method may include receiving, at an antenna panel, at least two configured transmission configuration indicator states for simultaneous multiple input multiple output reception; for each of the at least two configured transmission configuration indicator states for simultaneous reception from one or more transmission reception points, sweeping at least one narrow beam receiving one or more repeated reference signals received from the one or more transmission reception points; and, based upon at least one spatial radio multipath channel characteristic of the one or more repeated reference signals carrying each transmission configuration indicator state, selecting at least one antenna element of the antenna panel to form a group of antenna elements and control the group of antenna elements to direct at least one beam.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: selecting (405), based on at least one first criterion, a set of antenna elements, determining (410) a radio beam codebook comprising a plurality of radio beam configurations for the set of antenna elements, determining (415) a radiation pattern obtainable based on the radio beam codebook, determining (420), based on the obtainable radiation pattern, a radio beam configuration that fulfills a second criterion, and applying (425) the radio beam configuration to a radio beam provided by the set of antenna elements.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: means for obtaining a measured power loss in at least a first channel; means for, in dependence upon the measured power loss, determining to increase, decrease, or maintain a number of antenna elements used for beam-formed communication via the first channel; and means for, in dependence upon the determination, changing the number of antenna elements used for beam-formed communication via the first channel.

Abstract: A user equipment includes a plurality of antenna panels, at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to: identify a potential change in active antenna panel at the user equipment from a first of the plurality of antenna panels to a second of the plurality of antenna panels; and transmit at least one early panel switch detection message indicating the potential change in active antenna panel to a base station serving the user equipment.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for a radio frequency front end of a beamforming transmitter or transceiver. The apparatus comprises a dual-polarized antenna element (222) for reception of electromagnetic waves transmitted by an antenna array (221) of the radio frequency front end and subsequently reflected from at least one obstruction. The dual-polarized antenna element comprises first and second feed points (223, 224) for reception of a first polarization and of a second polarization. The apparatus further comprises a switch for switching between reception of the first polarization via the first feed point and the second polarization via the second feed point.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) may be provided that includes means for: reporting at least one candidate CSI beam index to a network to avoid and/or mitigate a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) event; wherein the user equipment associates at least one candidate antenna of the user equipment to the at least one candidate CSI beam index. An apparatus may also be provided that includes means for: creating a first mapping of antennas to downlink path delay intervals using a wider beam downlink reference signal; creating a second mapping of downlink path delay intervals to downlink spatial filters using different narrower beam reference signals; and controlling the selection of an antenna based on second mapping.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: receiving (305) information relating to a power level of a radio beam received by an antenna array, analysing (310) a radio beam power profile associated with the antenna array, determining (315), based on the radio beam power profile, a characteristic of a radio channel, calculating (320), based on the characteristic, an optimum radio beam gain of the antenna array, and estimating (325) a link budget based on the optimum radio beam gain of the antenna array and the information relating to the power level of the radio beam received by the antenna array.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving, at a user device, a downlink reference signal from a communication node of a mobile communication system, wherein the downlink reference signal is received by one of a plurality of beams of a receiver of the user device in accordance with a configured beam alignment; determining whether to initiate beam switching to reconfigure the beam alignment at said receiver based, at least in part, on a signal power of the received downlink reference signal; and determining, in the event that beam switching is to be initiated, whether to initiate communication node assisted beam switching or non-communication node assisted beam switching.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for beam steering is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a beam forming signal generator configured to generate a beam forming signal for applying to at least one of amplitude and phase shift circuitry associated with an antenna array to provide a radiation pattern. A determining means is provided that is configured to determine a signal strength of interfering signals received at the antenna array within a user equipment and to determine a dominant interfering ratio indicative of a strength of a strongest interfering signal relative to a strength of other interfering signals. A comparator is provided that is configured to compare the dominant interfering ratio to a predetermined ratio value and where the dominant interfering ratio exceeds the predetermined ratio value to generate a control signal for controlling the beam forming signal generator to generate a radiation pattern comprising a beam and at least one steered null.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: providing (305) at least one single-polarized radio beam in a first direction, receiving (310) feedback for modifying operation of a terminal device for maintaining a radio connection, determining (315), in response to receiving the feedback, a first radio beam and a second radio beam, wherein the first radio beam and the second radio beam are single-polarized, providing (320) the first radio beam in the first direction and the second radio beam in a second direction and determining (325), based on the feedback relating to the first radio beam and the second radio beam, a need for reconfiguration of a following transmission of the first radio beam and the second beam.

Abstract: An apparatus, which comprises at least one antenna array comprising a plurality of array elements having cross-polarized coupled branches, is configured to adjust at least its uplink beam steering direction by measuring (301), while transmitting a combined uplink signal via the plurality of the an-ay elements as individual signals forming the combined uplink signal, per an array element, first signal on an unused branch of the array element, and using the first signal and reference information in the memory to adjust if needed, at least one beam steering setting.

Abstract: In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing fallback to conditional handover using a SSB reference signal, a UE device may be caused to, receive RRC reconfiguration information from a source RAN node, the RRC reconfiguration information including a SSB RS based CHO execution condition associated with at least one target cell controlled by a target RAN node, and a CSI-RS based CHO execution condition associated with the target cell(s), perform signal measurements of at least one SSB RS and at least one CSI-RS associated with the target cell(s), the at least one CSI-RS associated with a contention-free random access resource, and perform the CHO with the target cell(s) based on the signal measurement results of the at least one SSB RS, the at least one CSI-RS, the SSB based CHO execution condition, and the CSI-RS based CHO execution condition.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprising means for performing: receiving one or more estimation models at the apparatus; determining an estimated time-of-stay of an antenna panel of the apparatus, using the one or more estimation models, the time-of-stay comprising a duration for which the antenna panel is active for transmission and/or reception; and determining whether to perform a narrow beam alignment procedure for the apparatus based on the estimated time-of-stay.

Abstract: Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising increasing an antenna isolation between a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel by adjusting a radiation pattern associated with the first antenna panel and/or with the second antenna panel (1501). A first signal is then received via the first antenna panel and a second signal is transmitted via the second antenna panel substantially simultaneously (1502).

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: radio frequency paths for antenna elements of an array of antenna elements; and means for: determining which of a first group of radio frequency paths are transmission radio frequency paths to be used for transmission and which of a second group of radio frequency paths are reception radio frequency paths to be used for reception; and controlling when to use the determined transmission radio frequency paths for transmission and the determined reception radio frequency paths for reception.