Abstract: A system and method for signaling and detecting in wireless communications systems are provided. A method for processing information includes operating in a first phase, operating in a second phase, and processing the detected information. The first phase includes iteratively inverting a first filtering operation on received signals, and the second phase includes iteratively inverting a second filtering operation on received signals with consideration given to a first estimation error of symbols of the first user and a second estimation error of symbols of the second user.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high strength multi-phase steel for a cold- or hot-rolled steel strip having excellent forming properties, in particular for light vehicle construction, comprising the elements (contents in mass %): C 0.060 to=0.115; Al 0.020 to=0.060; Si 0.100 to=0.500; Mn 1.300 to=2.500; P=0.025; S=0.0100; Cr 0.280 to=0.480; Mo<0.150; Ti=0.005 to=0.050; Nb=0.005 to=0.050; B=0.0005 to=0.0060; N=0.0100; the remainder being iron including the usual elements present in steel and which are not mentioned above.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mitigating multi-user interference in reception of a code division multiple access (CDMA) signal is described. The CDMA signal has a plurality of spread user symbol streams, each spread by a corresponding one of a plurality of spreading codes. Estimated symbols are iteratively improved by forming a reconstructed signal from the estimated symbols, subtracting the reconstructed signal from the CDMA signal to create a difference signal, and adjusting the estimated symbols based on a combination of the difference signal and the estimated symbols.

Abstract: A system and method for signaling and detecting in wireless communications systems are provided. A method for processing information includes operating in a first phase, operating in a second phase, and processing the detected information. The first phase includes iteratively inverting a first filtering operation on received signals, and the second phase includes iteratively inverting a second filtering operation on received signals with consideration given to a first estimation error of symbols of the first user and a second estimation error of symbols of the second user.

Abstract: A system and method for signaling and detecting in wireless communications systems are provided. A method for processing information includes operating in a first phase, and operating in a second phase in response to determining that a first user is transmitting at a substantially higher power level than a second user, and processing the detected information. The first phase includes iteratively inverting a first filtering operation on received signals, and the second phase includes iteratively inverting a second filtering operation on received signals with consideration given to a first estimation error of symbols of the first user and a second estimation error of symbols of the second user. The operating remains in the first phase in response to determining that the first user is not transmitting at a substantially higher power level than the second user.

Abstract: A system and method for iteration scheduling in joint equalization and turbo decoding are provided. A method for processing received information includes cancelling interference in a received signal bearing received information, decoding the interference cancelled received signal to produce information, and processing the received information. The cancelling comprises an iterative processing of the received signal based on soft information produced by a decoding the received signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-V2O5-content and even V2O5-free porcelain enamel with improved dish-washer resistance, very good acid resistance and good adherence on various substrates. The invention moreover relates to a transparent low-V2O5-content and even V2O5-free porcelain enamel frit for application of enamel coatings with infinite colour range on a substrate made of aluminium, cast aluminium, aluminium alloy, aluminium-magnesium alloy, cast aluminium alloy, copper, austenitic stainless steel and mild steel, presenting improved dish-washer resistance, good acid resistance and good adherence on the substrate. The composition of the porcelain enamel in question comprises about 30 wt-% to about 50 wt-% SiO2, about 30 wt-% to about 40 wt-% R2O, about 15 wt-% to about 25 wt-% TiO2, about 0 wt-% to about 5 wt-% RO, about 0 wt-% to about 4 wt-% V2O5, about 0.

Abstract: Signal filtering and filter design techniques are disclosed. An interconnection circuit switchably couples an input and an output of an element that is operable to perform a signal filtering operation on a signal received at the input so as to provide a filtered signal at the output. This enables the element to be used to implement a series of cascaded signal filtering operations. An iterative filter design method and a data structure that enables control of the element and/or the interconnection circuit are also disclosed. According to another aspect of the invention, an element is operable to perform any of multiple signal filtering operations on a received input signal. Controlled selection of respective sets of filter parameters associated with the multiple signal filtering operations enables the element to be used to implement the signal filtering operations in parallel filtering paths.

Abstract: An architecture and a method are provided for decoding codewords for codes such as low density parity check (LDPC) codes. An iterative decoding algorithm such as the Belief Propagation Algorithm (BPA) is employed that attempts to correct errors in an input block of symbols via a structure containing two sets of nodes through node processing and the passing of messages between nodes. Message passing and node processing is performed in a digit-serial manner instead of a bit-parallel manner.

Abstract: A method for acquiring signals received from multiple users in a single burst groups signals by power and sequentially processes the signal groups. A received sum of a plurality of user signals received in a burst is stored, and the transmitted symbols for each signal within a first group of the stored signals is estimated. A modified set of signals is then determined that excludes the signals of the first group. From the modified set of signals, the method continues by canceling multiuser interference among signals within a second group, and estimating transmitted symbols for each signal within the second group. The first and second groups includes all signals within a power band that defines the group, and the first band represents a higher power band than the second. Such iterative processing may continue for sequentially lower power bands until all signals are processed. A receiver is also detailed.

Abstract: Communication of data over a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel includes allocating transmission power unequally to the different data streams. The transmission power allocation is performed without regard to a state of a changing channel response of the MIMO channel. A relatively low complexity interference cancelling receiver can therefore decode the data streams.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for acquiring a user signal from among several received from multiple users in a single burst. The method includes receiving a plurality of user signals in a single transmission burst, suppressing multiuser interference among at least some of the plurality of received signals, and determining a carrier frequency of at least one signal from among the interference suppressed plurality of received signals. Said signals may rotate due to a lack of synchronization while being equalized. Also described is a multiuser receiver for acquiring at least one user signal from among several user signals received from multiple users in a single burst.

Abstract: A receiver (20) for performing timing recovery over at least one complex channel at low or less than zero SNR (signal power to noise power, in dB) has at least one receive element such as an antenna, an analog-to-digital converter 21 (ADC), a fractional interpolation filter 23, a matched filter 24, and a timing correction loop 26. The timing correction loop 26 selects a minimum mean square error from the output of the matched filter 24 to determine a timing signal output to the interpolation filter 23, and provides one-bit weights to the matched filter 24. Preferably, the timing correction loop 26 includes a magnitude detector 26c, a moving average filter 26b, and a timing error detector 26a that outputs an integer m and fractional ? timing factor to the interpolation filter 23. Within a phase correction loop 27 is a maximum likelihood channel estimator 27b and a phase error detector 27a that controls a phase rotator 22 disposed between the ADC 21 and the interpolation filter 23.

Abstract: An architecture and a method are provided for decoding codewords for codes such as low density parity check (LDPC) codes. An iterative decoding algorithm such as the Belief Propagation Algorithm (BPA) is employed that attempts to correct errors in an input block of symbols via a structure containing two sets of nodes through node processing and the passing of messages between nodes. Message passing and node processing is performed in a digit-serial manner instead of a bit-parallel manner.

Abstract: Low-voltage CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) circuits, suitable for analog decoders, for example, are provided. The circuits include multiplier modules that receive first input signals and respective ones of a plurality of second input signals. Each multiplier module generates as output signals products of the first input signals and its respective second input signals. Dummy multiplier modules that respectively correspond to the multiplier modules receive the second input signals, and each dummy multiplier module forms products of the second input signal of its corresponding multiplier module and the other second input signals. The dummy multiplier modules reduce the overall voltage requirements of the circuit, thereby providing for low-voltage operation.

Abstract: Low-voltage CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) circuits, suitable for analog decoders, for example, are provided. The circuits include multiplier modules that receive first input signals and respective ones of a plurality of second input signals. Each multiplier module generates as output signals products of the first input signals and its respective second input signals. Dummy multiplier modules that respectively correspond to the multiplier modules receive the second input signals, and each dummy multiplier module forms products of the second input signal of its corresponding multiplier module and the other second input signals. The dummy multiplier modules reduce the overall voltage requirements of the circuit, thereby providing for low-voltage operation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a synchronous space division multiple access, code division multiple access communications system. The method includes steps of, within a coverage area of a base station (BS), (a) assigning the same spreading code to a plurality of subscriber stations (SSs); and (b) beamforming using an antenna array at the BS so as to maximize the signal to interference plus noise ratio for a signal transmitted from a desired SS, The beamforming operates to steer a null towards another same-code SS to minimize interference from the same-code SS. Assuming that the antenna array has M-elements (M>1), then individual ones of P orthogonal spreading codes can be reused ?M times within the coverage area, where 1/M<??1. The step of beamforming includes an initial step of despreading the signal received from the desired SS, followed by a step of spatial filtering.

Abstract: Low-voltage CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) circuits, suitable for analog decoders, for example, are provided. The circuits include multiplier modules that receive first input signals and respective ones of a plurality of second input signals. Each multiplier module generates as output signals products of the first input signals and its respective second input signals. Dummy multiplier modules that respectively correspond to the multiplier modules receive the second input signals, and each dummy multiplier module forms products of the second input signal of its corresponding multiplier module and the other second input signals. The dummy multiplier modules reduce the overall voltage requirements of the circuit, thereby providing for low-voltage operation.

Abstract: Enameled steel and process for enameling a zinc or zinc-alloy precoated steel surface includes providing steel having a surface to be precoated and enameled; applying a zinc or zinc-alloy coating having a thickness ranging from 1 to 30 &mgr;m to the surface of the steel to provide the zinc or zinc-alloy precoated steel surface; subjecting the zinc or zinc-alloy precoated steel surface to a heat pretreatment at a temperature of at least 500° C.; and enameling the zinc or zinc-alloy precoated steel surface with a vitreous enamel composition which has a content of adherence-providing oxides selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Cu, Sb and Mn of less than 0.1% by weight for a white enamel layer and less than 2.5% by weight for a colored enamel layer by firing the vitreous enamel composition to provide a vitreous enamel layer thereon.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a synchronous space division multiple access, code division multiple access communications system. The method includes steps of, within a coverage area of a base station (BS), (a) assigning the same spreading code to a plurality of subscriber stations (SSs); and (b) beamforming using an antenna array at the BS so as to maximize the signal to interference plus noise ratio for a signal transmitted from a desired SS, The beamforming operates to steer a null towards another same-code SS to minimize interference from the same-code SS. Assuming that the antenna array has M-elements (M>1), then individual ones of P orthogonal spreading codes can be reused &agr;M times within the coverage area, where 1/M<&agr;≦1. The step of beamforming includes an initial step of despreading the signal received from the desired SS, followed by a step of spatial filtering.