Abstract: The scanning probe microscope has a primary control loop (7, 11, 12) for keeping the phase and/or amplitude of deflection at constant values as well as a secondary control loop (9) that e.g. keeps the frequency of the cantilever oscillation constant by applying a suitable DC voltage to the probe while, at the same time, a conservative AC excitation is applied thereto. By actively controlling the frequency with the first control loop (7, 11, 12) and subsequently controlling the DC voltage in order to keep the frequency constant, a fast system is created that allows to determine the contact potential difference or a related property of the sample (3) quickly.

Abstract: Bryophyte plants and bryophyte plant cells comprising dysfunctional fucT and xylT genes and an introduced glycosyltransferase gene, methods for the production of glycosylated proteins therewith, vectors and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing heterologous glycosylated proteins in non-animal eukaryotic cells such as in transformed bryophyte, yeast, ciliate or algae cells. In particular, the method relates to a method for producing glycosylated proteins comprising animal glycosylation patterns—comprising sialic acid residues—, such as pharmaceutical proteins for use in mammals, e.g. humans, in bryophyte cells such as those of Physcomitrella patens, the genetic material required therefore, such as DNA and RNA, vectors, host cells, methods of introducing genetic material there into, and uses thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to novel polypeptides and proteins obtained by the method according to the invention. Moreover, the present invention provides a method of producing sialic acid or CMP-sialic acid in a transformed non-mammalian eukaryotic cell, tissue or organism.

Abstract: The invention discloses DNA molecules encoding galactosyltransferases, recombinant host cells, tissues or organisms comprising dysfunctional galactosyltransferase gene(s), recombinant host cells, tissues or organisms comprising an introduced functional galactosyltransferase gene, methods for the production of proteins therewith, methods for the production of galactosyltransferase and vectors and uses thereof.

Abstract: The scanning probe microscope has a primary control loop (7, 11, 12) for keeping the phase and/or amplitude of deflection at constant values as well as a secondary control loop (9) that e.g. keeps the frequency of the cantilever oscillation constant by applying a suitable DC voltage to the probe while, at the same time, a conservative AC excitation is applied thereto. By actively controlling the frequency with the first control loop (7, 11, 12) and subsequently controlling the DC voltage in order to keep the frequency constant, a fast system is created that allows to determine the contact potential difference or a related property of the sample (3) quickly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing heterologous glycosylated proteins in non-animal eukaryotic cells such as in transformed bryophyte, yeast, ciliate or algae cells. In particular, the method relates to a method for producing glycosylated proteins comprising animal glycosylation patterns—comprising sialic acid residues—, such as pharmaceutical proteins for use in mammals, e.g. humans, in bryophyte cells such as those of Physcomitrella patens, the genetic material required therefore, such as DNA and RNA, vectors, host cells, methods of introducing genetic material there into, and uses thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to novel polypeptides and proteins obtained by the method according to the invention. Moreover, the present invention provides a method of producing sialic acid or CMP-sialic acid in a transformed non-mammalian eukaryotic cell, tissue or organism.

Abstract: Bryophyte plants and bryophyte plant cells comprising dysfunctional fucT and xylT genes and an introduced glycosyl transferase gene, methods for the production of glycosylated proteins therewith, vectors and uses thereof.