Abstract: A method for triggering an internal combustion engine of a certain type according to a state machine is provided, in which a possible operating state of the engine, which is assigned to a layer n of the state machine, is first set. In an additional layer (n+1), sub-states to the previously determined operating state are specified. For triggering different type engines, the method provides that the state machine has at least two groups of layers, the first group of layers representing operating states that the engine of the certain type has in common with engines of another type, and the second group of layers representing operating states that are specific to the engine of the certain type.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling operational sequences in a vehicle in which at least one first processor is provided in at least one control device, which is used for the control of functions of the operational sequences of the vehicle, and at least one second processor of a vehicle-external portable technical unit as coprocessor is able to be connected to the at least one control device, using connection means and is used in addition to the at least one first processor for the control of functions of the operational sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microscope comprising a microscope housing (18), an optics system (16) consisting of at least one lens system that contains at least one respective lens (48) and is positioned at one end of a passage (19) of the microscope housing (18), at least one observation device, in particular an ocular, located at the other end of the passage (19), an illumination device, whose light forms at least one illumination beam (44), originating from a plane of incidence (45) that vertically intersects the passage (19), said beam traversing the lens system and striking an object carrier (36) at a predetermined angle (?). According to the invention, the illumination beam or beams (44) originating from the plane of incidence (45) is/are provided by an optical device, whose cross-section lying in the vicinity of the passage (19) is substantially smaller than the cross-section of said passage (19).

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling operational sequences in a vehicle in which at least one first processor is provided in at least one control device, which is used for the control of functions of the operational sequences of the vehicle, and at least one second processor of a vehicle-external portable technical unit as coprocessor is able to be connected to the at least one control device, using connection means and is used in addition to the at least one first processor for the control of functions of the operational sequences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microscope comprising a microscope housing (18), an optics system (16) consisting of at least one lens system that contains at least one respective lens (48) and is positioned at one end of a passage (19) of the microscope housing (18), at least one observation device, in particular an ocular, located at the other end of the passage (19), an illumination device, whose light forms at least one illumination beam (44), originating from a plane of incidence (45) that vertically intersects the passage (19), said beam traversing the lens system and striking an object carrier (36) at a predetermined angle (&bgr;). According to the invention, the illumination beam or beams (44) originating from the plane of incidence (45) is/are provided by an optical device, whose cross-section lying in the vicinity of the passage (19) is substantially smaller than the cross-section of said passage (19).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, especially for a motor vehicle, is described which is provided with a control apparatus. A number of functions can be executed at time intervals and/or in dependence upon the rpm of the engine. Furthermore, a quantity (RA), which defines the utilization of the control apparatus, and a quantity (N), which defines the rpm of the engine, can be determined. The number of executed functions can be reduced by the control apparatus when the quantity (RA), which defines the utilization, is greater than a utilization threshold value (ASW1).

Abstract: A computer system for controlling the operation of a drive of a motor vehicle includes a plurality of different predetermined components each including at least one functional unit. Such components include a first component representing the motor vehicle as a whole and second component representing the drive. A plurality of interfaces is interposed between these components, being operative for transmitting data between such components. At least one storage stores information concerning such components and interfaces. The functional units mentioned above and the vehicle as a whole are controlled by controlling the above-mentioned components inclusive of the first component. In performing the control, request signals and inquiry signals are generated and transmitted through the interfaces between the components. The operation of the drive is controlled in dependence on the data exchanged between the components through the interfaces.

Abstract: The method of controlling and/or monitoring an optical transmission of message signals over an optical line in a repeater station includes providing a device (45) for generating further optical secondary signals from the received optical secondary signals without generating a stable optical carrier signal for the secondary signals in the device (45). This device (45) includes a hybrid circuit (451) for splitting the received optical secondary signals to form a first branched optical signal portion and a second branched optical signal portion, an optical monitoring and/or control receiver (454) for generating control and/or monitoring signals (456) from the first branched optical signal portion and an optical modulating device (458) controllable by the control and/or monitoring signals.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for computing a fuel-metering signal for adjusting a pregiven lambda value for the composition of the air/fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine. In the method, a first signal is formed which represents the air quantity flowing into the engine and a second signal is formed on the basis of the first signal so that a first lambda desired value adjusts when using its second signal as a fuel-metering signal. Various additional second lambda desired values are formed as a function of operating parameters of the engine. A selection is made of those second lambda desired values having the highest priority and the fuel-metering signal is formed by weighting the second signal with the second lambda desired value of the highest priority.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical communication-transmitting system for transmitting at least one useful signal with a high bit rate, which has intermediate repeaters (ZV.sub.1 -ZV.sub.n) with optical fiber amplifiers (OV.sub.ss, OV.sub.1 -OV.sub.n, OV.sub.es) and which uses at least one additional signal of a low bit rate, for example for monitoring the intermediate repeater. For a transmission system requiring small outlay, the additional signal is transmitted on a wide band in comparison to the useful signal, for example by means of luminescence diodes (S.sub.ss, S.sub.1 -S.sub.n) and is amplified by the fiber amplifiers (OV.sub.ss, OV.sub.1 -OV.sub.n, OV.sub.es) in the same manner as the useful signal. For transmitting and receiving the additional signal, a transmitter (S.sub.1) is preferably disposed in an intermediate receiver (ZV.sub.1) upstream of the fiber amplifier (OV.sub.1) and a receiver preferably downstream thereof.

Abstract: In a system and a method for determining the speed gradient dn/dt of a shaft of an internal combustion engine, the speed gradient dn/dt is determined as a function of the third power of the speed and the difference between two segment times in the control device. The speed gradient is only determined in phases which are not time-critical, while segment times are read in or stored only in time-critical phases so that the data required for controlling and regulating the internal combustion engine can be calculated in these time-critical phases independently from the determination of the speed gradient.

Abstract: In an overvoltage protection circuit for an amplifier inserted in series between lengths of a signal transmission line, the line including a ground path and the amplifier being supplied with operating power via the transmission line and including power supply inputs conductively connected to the transmission line lengths via a current supply filter, there is provided: one single overvoltage arrester for providing coarse overvoltage protection connected between the ground path and one of the power supply inputs, and lowpass filters connected between the arrester and each transmission line length.