Abstract: Managing control targets, in particular, load balancing processes, when controlling the supply, conversion, storage, feed, distribution, and/or use of energy in an energy network if the increasing, volatile, dynamic, decentralized, local feed and/or storage of electric energy leads to loads at different network connection levels of the energy network to control the energy supply so efficiently and sustainably that load balancing processes resulting from occurring load deviations for example are supported locally and reduced regionally and/or across network connection levels. Provided are hierarchical and network-oriented energy clusters formed within network connection levels of the energy network, and in the process, the expenditure of energy and the local exchange of energy within energy clusters are localized across clusters and/or across network connection levels via a voluntary and incentivized participation in an energy cluster service which manages the control targets in the energy network.

Abstract: Managing control targets, in particular, load balancing processes, when controlling the supply, conversion, storage, feed, distribution, and/or use of energy in an energy network if the increasing, volatile, dynamic, decentralized, local feed and/or storage of electric energy leads to loads at different network connection levels of the energy network to control the energy supply so efficiently and sustainably that load balancing processes resulting from occurring load deviations for example are supported locally and reduced regionally and/or across network connection levels. Provided are hierarchical and network-oriented energy clusters formed within network connection levels of the energy network, and in the process, the expenditure of energy and the local exchange of energy within energy clusters are localized across clusters and/or across network connection levels via a voluntary and incentivized participation in an energy cluster service which manages the control targets in the energy network.

Abstract: A method and device for diagnosing an electrical condition of a spatially extended hardware component in a spatially resolved manner via interference between pulses fed into the component by a signal generator. The method includes: feeding at least two pulses into the component offset by a pulse interval; detecting the interfered pulses and echoes via an analysis unit; varying the pulse interval for the spatially resolved scanning of the hardware component along its length; repeating the steps until the component has been scanned at least in some sections; and analyzing the detected interfered pulses in the analysis unit. The device includes at least one signal generator connected to the component and to an analysis unit to generate the pulses, wherein local energy losses are mathematically determined over the length of the component on the basis of a plurality of interference voltage waveforms and voltage waveforms induced by the pulses.

Abstract: The method and the device are used for diagnosing the electrical condition of a spatially extended hardware component, in particular a cable for transmitting electrical power, in a spatially resolved manner by means of interference between pulses fed in into the component by a signal generator. In these, the following method steps are in principle provided: feeding of at least two pulses into the component which are offset by a pulse interval ?t, detection of the interfered pulses and echoes by means of an analysis unit, c) variation of the pulse interval ?t for the spatially resolved scanning of the hardware component along its length l, d) repetition of the steps a) to c) until the component has been scanned at least in some sections, and e) analysis of the detected interfered pulses in the analysis unit.