Abstract: In a device for the solar-thermal gasification of carbon-containing charging material, comprising a solar reactor (1) including at least one, preferably a plurality of, light-transmissive window(s) (2) for introducing concentrated solar radiation, and a gasification chamber (9) having a preferably rectangular bottom and receiving means for the charging material (21), the receiving means are comprised of at least one, preferably elongated drawer (7,8,20,21,22,23) that is movable relative to the gasification chamber.

Abstract: Method of improving the product properties of clinker in the firing of raw meal in a clinker or cement furnace in which at least part of the fuels used are low-heating-value or alternative fuels, waste products containing organic substances or low-heating-value or alternative fuels are subjected to thermal dissociation and reaction of the dissociation products using radiant energy. The product gas or synthesis gas formed in this way is fed to the burners of the main firing facility to increase the flame temperature.

Abstract: Method of improving the product properties of clinker in the firing of raw meal in a clinker or cement furnace in which at least part of the fuels used are low-heating-value or alternative fuels, waste products containing organic substances or low-heating-value or alternative fuels are subjected to thermal dissociation and reaction of the dissociation products using radiant energy. The product gas or synthesis gas formed in this way is fed to the burners of the main firing facility to increase the flame temperature.

Abstract: In a process for melting inorganic materials (7) in a rotary horizontal converter or a rotary kiln (1) by adding fuel (8), oxygen or oxygen-enriched gases (10) and the inorganic materials (7) to a liquid bath (5), solid fuel (8) is added in piece form. The oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas (10) is blown at high velocity (v) onto the surface of the bath (5), reacts with the solid fuel (8) and releases heat in the course of this. By means of the process of the invention, high temperatures can be achieved with the use of inexpensive fuels.

Abstract: To vitrify chlorine-containing residues from flue gas cleaning, in particular filter dust and residues from the flue gas scrubber, the residues are melted in a melting furnace (8) and then discharged. To condition the melt, alkali-containing fluxes are added in the form of an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, the stoichiometric ratio between the total alkalis and the chlorine being greater than 0.75, preferably greater than 1. Particularly suitable compounds in this process are oxides, hydroxides or carbonates of sodium or of potassium, or a mixture of such substances.

Abstract: A Deglor furnace includes heating elements each having a heater rod being surrounded by a protective tube. The protective tube is mounted on a ceiling of the Deglor furnace and is run through an opening in the ceiling into the interior of the Deglor furnace. Heat insulation of the ceiling which borders the opening is protected against corrosive gases from the interior by a shield.

Abstract: A melting furnace for thermal treatment of heavy metal-containing and/or dioxin-containing special wastes, including a clog preventing system including a principal furnace vessel, which exhibits a melting tank for holding a melt; at least one feeder for feeding the material to be treated; a discharge chamber, which is at a spatial distance from the feeder, the feeder being connected gas-tight via a siphon to the melting tank; the principal furnace vessel and the discharge chamber having third heating elements in the form of bath electrodes, by means of which an electric current can be run through the melt and the siphon for additional heating of the melt.

Abstract: A melting furnace for melting residues from refuse incineration plants, in particular filter dust melting furnaces, contains a furnace substructure and a furnace superstructure lined with different refractive material compositions. The lining in the substructure, the melting region, is a refractory material which, in addition to other metal oxides, contains 10-70% wt. % Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3. The lining in the superstructure, the gas atmosphere region, is a refractory material which contains 80 wt. % or more of MgO and is low in Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or is virtually Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -free. A furnace constructed in this manner exhibits long endurance and does not form toxic chromium compounds in the chromium-free gas region.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device. Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/ vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device.Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: In a melting furnace (1), toxic, volatile chemical compounds from introduced filter dust from industrial incineration units are vaporized at about 1300.degree. C. and forced to leave the reaction space. The non-vaporizing residue forms a glassy melt which is discharged continuously or intermittently from the reaction space. Heating of the melt and of the filter dust is affected by resistance heaters in protective ceramic sheaths (4) above the melt (2). In order to prevent corrosion of the resistance heater protection sheaths (4) by exit gases (7) especially in the flow lee thereof, the exit gases are forced, by partitions (10) and an exit gas extraction pipe (9) with an inlet orifice (16) at a low level, to flow below the resistance heater protection sheaths (4) to an exit gas outlet (5).

Abstract: A process for separating off poisonous volatile chemical compounds from a mixture (7) of solid particles having a particle size of up to 200 .mu.m, the mixture being brought continuously or intermittently at an average rate of 5.degree. to 200.degree. C./min in zones of progressively increasing temperature up to 1350.degree. C. and the poisonous chemical compounds being evaporated and forced to leave the reaction space (6). The poisonous compounds are subsequently condensed and discharged. The non-evaporated residue is gradually melted, and the melt (8) is continuously or intermittently discharged from the reaction space (6) and solidified. The particles carried over into the gas phase are preferably retained by a hot gas filter, liquefied and passed into the melt.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of residues from the inner wall of a tube carrying hot gases and/or vapors includes a passage extending into a first end of the tube in an axial direction; an axially extending shaft supported within the passage in an axially displaceable manner so that one end of the shaft is within the tube; a discharge opening in the tube through which the residues may be removed; a helically wound metal scraper connected to the one end of the shaft; and a device for driving the shaft such that the scraper is rotated in a manner of a corkscrew into the tube.