Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds which have the following general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1 to C12 alkyl and H; and R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydroxy, optionally substituted C1 to C6 alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl and H, in a method of preventing or reducing fouling, particularly in the marine environment. The compounds of the present invention have the considerable advantage of providing the antifouling coating market with an organic alternative to the existing technology which relies heavily on the addition of copper to obtain significant antifouling effects. The compounds we have developed may be used as cheap, easy to prepare additives that do not contain metals and therefore have reduced toxicity in marine environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to titanium catalysts for synthesis reactions produced by bringing a reaction mixture comprising a titanium alkoxide and a ligand in contact with water, wherein the ligand is represented by the general formula (e): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, and (A) represents a group with two or more carbon atoms. The titanium catalysts may be isolated in solid form and may be stored. The invention further relates to a process for cyanation of imines, wherein the process comprises reacting an imine with a cyanating agent in the presence of the titanium catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to titanium catalysts for synthesis reactions produced by bringing a reaction mixture comprising a titanium alkoxide and a ligand in contact with water, wherein the ligand is represented by the general formula (e): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, and (A) represents a group with two or more carbon atoms. The titanium catalysts may be isolated in solid form and may be stored. The invention further relates to a process for cyanation of imines, wherein the process comprises reacting an imine with a cyanating agent in the presence of the titanium catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds which have the following general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1 to C12 alkyl and H; and R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydroxy, optionally substituted C1 to C6 alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl and H, in a method of preventing or reducing fouling, particularly in the marine environment. The compounds of the present invention have the considerable advantage of providing the antifouling coating market with an organic alternative to the existing technology which relies heavily on the addition of copper to obtain significant antifouling effects. The compounds we have developed may be used as cheap, easy to prepare additives that do not contain metals and therefore have reduced toxicity in marine environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to titanium catalysts for asymmetric synthesis reactions produced by bringing a reaction mixture obtained by contacting water and a titanium alkoxide into contact with an optically active ligand represented by the general formula (a), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, and A* represents a group with two or more carbon atoms having an asymmetric carbon atom or axial asymmetry. The invention further relates to a process for asymmetric cyanation of imines, wherein the process comprises reacting an imine with a cyanating agent in the presence of the titanium catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to titanium catalysts for asymmetric synthesis reactions produced by bringing a reaction mixture obtained by contacting water and a titanium alkoxide into contact with an optically active ligand represented by the general formula (a), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, and A* represents a group with two or more carbon atoms having an asymmetric carbon atom or axial asymmetry. The invention further relates to a process for asymmetric cyanation of imines, wherein the process comprises reacting an imine with a cyanating agent in the presence of the titanium catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an optically active cyanohydrin derivative, which comprises reacting an aldehyde or an asymmetrical ketone with a cyanating agent in the presence of a Lewis base and a titanium compound produced from a partial hydrolysate of titanium tetraalkoxide and an optically active ligand represented by formula (II) or a titanium oxoalkoxide compound represented by formula (I) [TixOy](OR1)4x-2y, and an optically active ligand represented by formula (II), wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; x is an integer of not less than 2; y is an integer of not less than 1; and y/x satisfies 0.1<y/x?1.