Abstract: A device for measuring at least one measurand is disclosed which comprises a sensor device with at least one sensor and, via at least one medium-carrying detection path, can be connected to at least one of a plurality of devices outputting at least one flow of a medium to be captured. The at least one sensor is arranged to selectively detect at least one measurand with respect to at least one medium flow output by one of said plurality of devices. A system which includes the sensor device in a centralized way further comprises at least one device outputting the flow of the medium to be measured at least one outlet, wherein one of the devices can be selectively selected and can be connected to the sensor device for a predetermined period of time if several devices outputting a medium flow are connected to the sensor device for measuring at least one measurand.

Abstract: A system for acquiring or measuring information relating to a state of dialysance, identifying a dialyzer apparatus, or identifying a membrane filter device during the operation of the dialyzer apparatus in a dialysis treatment of a patient. The dialyzer apparatus includes a housing having an internal volume portion and a membrane filter device arranged within the internal volume portion. The housing allows transmission of radiation. A sensor device connected to the housing of the dialyzer apparatus includes a signal receiving device designed to receive a radiation signal from the housing, the signal characteristic of the state or the identification of the dialyzer apparatus or of the membrane filter unit of the dialyzer apparatus.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the prognosis of intradialytic parameters such as a blood pressure are described, wherein at least one learning algorithm and/or at least one neural network is/are provided. A memory device stores patient-individual intradialytic parameters, laboratory parameters, and/or machine parameters, which can be used in the prognosis of patient-specific parameter progress during a dialysis treatment.

Abstract: Apparatus and control methods for determining a distribution volume of at least one uremic substance in a dialysis patient are disclosed. The apparatus may include a dialyzer, an optional flow rate measuring system for detecting the flow rate of a dialysis fluid through the dialyzer, a dialysis fluid measuring system for detecting at least one dialysis fluid parameter that depends on the at least one substance in the dialysis fluid, and a computer for establishing a dialysis dose based on the dialysis fluid parameter and for establishing the distribution volume based on the dialysis dose taking a clearance factor and dialysis duration into account.

Abstract: Methods and systems for identifying a malfunction in the extracorporeal blood circulation of a dialysis machine are disclosed. The malfunction may be identified by detecting at least one state parameter; determining a first evaluation criterion for identifying a malfunction in the extracorporeal blood circulation (FEB); using the first evaluation criterion, making a decision with respect to the presence of a malfunction in the extracorporeal blood circulation, generating a first error signal, and monitoring the detected state parameter; determining at least one further evaluation criterion; using the at least one further evaluation criterion, making a decision with respect to the presence of a malfunction in the extracorporeal blood circulation and generating at least one further error signal; combining the first error signal and the at least one further error signal to result in a combined error signal; and triggering an alarm if the combined error signal exceeds a predetermined limit value.

Abstract: A detecting device for a medium inside a tube portion comprises at least one light source being arranged at a first position relative to the tube portion adapted to be transilluminated with light and being configured to irradiate light onto the tube portion, a detector unit being arranged at a second position relative to the tube portion and being configured to receive light from the at least one light source passed through the tube portion and to analyze a medium inside the tube portion in a spatially resolving manner, and a homogenizing device being arranged at a position between the at least one light source and the tube portion and being configured, for detecting and quantifying differences in brightness due to local differences of the medium inside the tube portion, to create a homogenous and/or isotropic distribution of the light from the at least one light source before the light enters into the tube portion.

Abstract: A system for acquiring or measuring information relating to a state of dialysance, identifying a dialyzer apparatus, or identifying a membrane filter device during the operation of the dialyzer apparatus in a dialysis treatment of a patient. The dialyzer apparatus includes a housing having an internal volume portion and a membrane filter device arranged within the internal volume portion. The housing allows transmission of radiation. A sensor device connected to the housing of the dialyzer apparatus includes a signal receiving device designed to receive a radiation signal, from the housing, the signal characteristic of the state or the identification of the dialyzer apparatus or of the membrane filter unit of the dialyzer apparatus.

Abstract: A detecting device for a medium inside a tube portion comprises at least one light source being arranged at a first position relative to the tube portion adapted to be transilluminated with light and being configured to irradiate light onto the tube portion, a detector unit being arranged at a second position relative to the tube portion and being configured to receive light from the at least one light source passed through the tube portion and to analyze a medium inside the tube portion in a spatially resolving manner, and a homogenizing device being arranged at a position between the at least one light source and the tube portion and being configured, for detecting and quantifying differences in brightness due to local differences of the medium inside the tube portion, to create a homogenous and/or isotropic distribution of the light from the at least one light source before the light enters into the tube portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of blood are disclosed allowing for the determination of an internal convection in a blood purification device e.g. in the form of a dialyzer. The internal convection in the purification device can be determined on the basis of pressure differences in the purification device. The blood purification may be, for instance, a hemodialysis or a hemodiafiltration. Pressure sensors serve for measuring the pressures of the blood at the input and/or output of the purification device as well as optionally for detecting the pressure of a cleaning fluid or dialysis fluid at the input and/or output of the purification device.

Abstract: A method for producing a hollow fiber pre-product for a dialysis membrane is disclosed. The dialysis membrane includes a distribution of the pore sizes which follows an exponential function such as an e-function. The inverse value of the exponential coefficient (K) is at least 30 nm2. The dialysis membrane includes at least 50 pores per ?m2 and the share of a free flow area at a surface of the dialysis membrane amounts to at least 2.5%.

Abstract: A device for extracorporeal blood treatment is disclosed that includes a detection equipment for detecting uremic toxins in a used dialysis liquid by measuring the absorbance, the detection equipment being provided at such a position downstream the outflow of the dialysis liquid from a filter element that at least one of the following requirements is fulfilled: a) the filling volume of the fluid line and of the components starting from the outflow of the used dialysis liquid from the filter element to the detection equipment is less than or equal to 100 ml; and b) the length of the fluid line starting from the outflow of the used dialysis liquid from the filter element to the detection equipment is at most 250 cm.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a measurement signal and/or for tracking a quantitative variable comprises the measuring of an analyte which exists in a solution with a certain concentration and has predetermined decay kinetics and the generating of a continuous measurement signal having decay kinetics at least corresponding to those of the analyte. The decay kinetics of the measurement signal and the decay kinetics of the analyte are correlated using at least one predetermined calibration point of both decay curves. Subsequent concentration values of the analyte are then calculated from the measurement signal.

Abstract: A device for measuring at least one measurand is disclosed which comprises a sensor device with at least one sensor and, via at least one medium-carrying detection path, can be connected to at least one of a plurality of devices outputting at least one flow of a medium to be captured. The at least one sensor is arranged to selectively detect at least one measurand with respect to at least one medium flow output by one of said plurality of devices. A system which includes the sensor device in a centralized way further comprises at least one device outputting the flow of the medium to be measured at at least one outlet, wherein one of the devices can be selectively selected and can be connected to the sensor device for a predetermined period of time if several devices outputting a medium flow are connected to the sensor device for measuring at least one measurand.

Abstract: The described system and method for blood treatment are configured to detect at least two hemodynamic parameters, for example the blood pressure and the relative blood volume, during the blood treatment. At least two fuzzy modules receive measuring values of the hemodynamic parameters as input variables, wherein the output signals transmitted by the fuzzy modules are weighted by at least one weighting module. A setting means effectuates setting of at least one variable, for example an ultrafiltration rate, a dialysis fluid conductivity or a dialysis fluid temperature, in response to the output signal transmitted by the weighting module. In this way, e.g. threatening intradialytic hypotensive episodes can be detected and avoided. The system can be designed as a dialyzer for hemodialysis, hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for determining a substance in a fluid excreted/extracted from the body or spent dialysate, e.g., for determining a quality measure for the dialysis, such as the concentration of selected toxic substances, and/or for determining a removed total quantity of uremic toxins during a dialysis with a dialysis apparatus. A concentration of a substance in the fluid may be determined by: detecting, by an absorption sensor, a first extinction signal of the fluid at an analysis wavelength at a defined first pH value of the fluid; adjusting, by a pH adjusting device, a second pH value of the fluid which differs from the first pH value; detecting, by the absorption sensor, a second extinction signal of the fluid at the analysis wavelength at the second pH value; and processing/comparing the two extinction signals for the first and the second pH values and determining an absolute concentration of the substance dissolved in the fluid.

Abstract: A system for acquiring or measuring information relating to a state of dialysance, identifying a dialyzer apparatus, or identifying a membrane filter device during the operation of the dialyzer apparatus in a dialysis treatment of a patient. The dialyzer apparatus includes a housing having an internal volume portion and a membrane filter device arranged within the internal volume portion. The housing allows transmission of radiation. A sensor device connected to the housing of the dialyzer apparatus includes a signal receiving device designed to receive a radiation signal, from the housing , the signal characteristic of the state or the identification of the dialyzer apparatus or of the membrane filter unit of the dialyzer apparatus.

Abstract: A system for acquiring or measuring information relating to a state of dialysance, identifying a dialyzer apparatus, or identifying a membrane filter device during the operation of the dialyzer apparatus in a dialysis treatment of a patient. The dialyzer apparatus includes a housing having an internal volume portion and a membrane filter device arranged within the internal volume portion. The housing allows transmission of radiation. A sensor device connected to the housing of the dialyzer apparatus includes a signal receiving device designed to receive a radiation signal from the housing, the signal characteristic of the state or the identification of the dialyzer apparatus or of the membrane filter unit of the dialyzer apparatus.

Abstract: Methods for the adjustment of a blood flow in a blood treatment machine/dialysis machine are disclosed. Steps for achieving a blood flow having an optimum value include determining a blood flow target value, altering the blood flow at a predetermined blood flow alteration rate, comparing a venous pressure with a venous pressure threshold, an arterial pressure with an arterial pressure threshold, and the blood flow with the blood flow target value, determining if a dialysis fluid parameter extreme is reached, storing an optimum blood flow value, in dependence on a blood flow (according to a value which is stored in a data table and which takes into account the blood flow target value as well as the measurement lag) in an optimum blood flow value memory, for which the dialysis fluid parameter threshold, the venous pressure threshold or the arterial pressure threshold, or the blood flow target value has been reached.

Abstract: Control methods of a dialysis machine for allowing the dialysate-side detection of a recirculation in an arteriovenous shunt of a patient during ongoing hemodialysis are described. A sensor is arranged downstream of a dialyzer and detects a change of a physicochemical parameter PD of outflowing dialysis fluid. Control elements are provided to guide the dialysis fluid in a selected manner through the dialyzer or pass it by.

Abstract: A dialysis membrane and a hollow fiber as pre-product as well as a method for producing the hollow fiber are disclosed. The dialysis membrane includes a distribution of the pore sizes which follows an exponential function such as an e-function. The inverse value of the exponential coefficient (K) is at least 30 nm2. The dialysis membrane includes at least 50 pores per ?m2 and the share of a free flow area at a surface of the dialysis membrane amounts to at least 2.5%.