Abstract: A gravity-feed dispenser for storage and dispensing of bulk material includes a compartment. A gate separates the compartment from a spout. The gate is operable to open and close to selectively permit bulk material to pass from the compartment into the spout. An actuator is movable relative to the spout and mechanically connected to the gate such that movement of the actuator operates the gate to reversibly open and close. Movement of the actuator concurrently reversibly positions the actuator to a dispensing position below a dispensing end of the spout, wherein dispensed bulk material passes through the spout and the actuator.

Abstract: Fixed-volumes of liquid are measured and dispensed from a container by empirically determining the liquid surface height and opening a dispensing valve for a time period that is calculated using a volume of liquid specified to be dispensed and the empirically-determined liquid surface height. The liquid surface height in the container is determined empirically for initial and subsequent volumes of liquid that are dispensed. Dispensing accuracy is maintained whether the container is full or nearly empty.

Abstract: In a refrigerator, warm air is collected or drawn into a warm air return duct opening located at or near the top of the refrigerated space instead of the bottom. The warm air is passed through an evaporator where it cools. The cooled air is driven into a pressurized plenum located at the bottom of the refrigerated space. The plenum is defined by a screen extending across the bottom of the refrigerated space. Air in the plenum passes through holes in the screen and driven upward. The air flow inside the refrigerator is thus upwardly, i.e., from the bottom to the top.