Abstract: A method for converting an existing steam methane reformer (SMR) to produce hydrogen via ammonia cracking is provided. The method can include the steps of: providing the existing SMR, wherein the SMR was formerly used to produce hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock; and improving the nitridation resistance of the inner surface of the equipment by adding a protective layer to an inner surface of equipment to be used in the existing SMR, wherein the equipment is selected from the group consisting of a catalyst tube, feed piping, a feed preheater, process gas heat exchangers, and combination thereof.

Abstract: A hydrogen production facility having equipment with a nitridation protective layer is provided. The hydrogen production facility can include a reformer configured to catalytically convert a feed stream into a product stream comprising hydrogen, the reformer having a plurality of catalyst tubes and a plurality of burners configured to provide heat to the catalyst tubes; means for providing the feed stream to the reformer from an ammonia source, wherein the feed stream comprises at least 90% of ammonia, wherein the plurality of catalyst tubes comprise a nitridation protective layer on an inner surface of the catalyst tubes.

Abstract: A fail-safe actuator for moving a part has in each case a drive (18, 118) by means of which a first or a second drive train (24, 26) can be moved. The drive trains (24, 26) in each case have their own output shaft (34, 38) and can be actuated independently of one another. An energy storage device is coupled with the second output shaft (38), wherein a holding device selectively holds the energy or releases it from the energy storage device, so that the second output shaft (38) can be moved. A rotary entrainment of the first output shaft (34) ensures that in the event of a failure of the drive (18) this is moved into a specified end position. The two output shafts (34, 38) are set in motion via gear wheels (32, 36) if the drive trains are actuated. An assembly unit consisting of actuator and moved part is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant and to a method for the production of cement clinker from cement raw meal, the cement raw meal being preheated in a preheating zone, precalcined in a calcining zone, completely burned in a sintering combustion zone and cooled in a cooling zone, solid fuels additionally being burned in an additional combustion region, a firing region being used in the additional combustion region, the solid fuel being introduced into the firing region where it forms a fuel bed over which a supplied oxygen-containing gas flows, the resulting combustion products being removed via a discharge opening and being used in the production of cement clinker. The fuel is supplied via a conveyor device arranged outside the firing region, in such a manner that it moves the fuel bed that is present in the direction towards the discharge opening.

Abstract: A device for drying and torrefaction of at least one carbon-containing material flow in a multiple-hearth furnace includes a drying zone, a torrefaction zone, a heat exchanger for heating the drying gas flow, the discharge point of the drying zone being connected via the heat exchanger to the infeed point of the drying zone; and a combustion assembly, wherein the discharge point of the torrefaction zone is connected via the combustion assembly and the heat exchanger to the infeed point of the torrefaction zone, wherein a torrefaction gas flow discharged via the discharge point of the torrefaction zone is combusted in the combustion assembly and the resulting exhaust gas is used in the heat exchanger to heat the drying gas flow and is fed to the torrefaction zone, wherein the drying zone and the torrefaction zone comprise two separate gas circulations.

Abstract: A burner for the partial oxidation of liquid, carbonaceous fuel with steam and an oxygen-containing gas a well as the process in which this burner is used, wherein the parts of the outlet orifice of the burner directed towards the combustion chamber are wholly or partly provided with a coating or with a diffusion layer for protection against thermal load and/or corrosion.

Abstract: A magnetic levitation device includes at least two superconductor molded bodies with stored magnetic field configurations above a magnetic guide track. The at least two superconductor molded bodies have at least one of a stored magnetic field configuration with different vertical spacing from the guide track and a stored magnetic field configuration with different horizontal position with respect to the guide track. The at least two superconductor molded bodies are mechanically held in a position deviating from their stored position above the guide track and connected to one another. This abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: The device according to the invention for drying and torrefaction of at least one carbon-containing material flow in a multiple-hearth furnace substantially comprises a drying zone, which comprises a feed device for feeding a carbon-containing material flow, a discharge point for discharging a drying gas flow containing water vapour and an infeed point for recycling at least a part of the drying gas flow, a torrefaction zone for degassing the material flow dried in the drying zone, which comprises a discharge point for discharging a torrefied material flow, at least one infeed point for an exhaust gas and a discharge point for a torrefaction gas flow, a heat exchanger for heating the drying gas flow, the discharge point of the drying zone being connected via the heat exchanger to the infeed point of the drying zone, a combustion assembly, wherein the discharge point of the torrefaction zone is connected via the combustion assembly and the heat exchanger to the infeed point of the torrefaction zone, wherei

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for producing clinker from raw cement material. The raw cement material is preheated in a preheater, is precalcined in a calcining apparatus, is completely burned in a sintering furnace, and is finally cooled in a cooler. Tertiary air of the cooler is fed to the calcining apparatus while eliminated dust is thermally treated in a dust burning reactor with the aid of combustion air and fuel. At least some of the tertiary air is fed to the dust burning reactor as combustion air while the dust that is to be treated and the combustion air penetrate the dust burning reactor in the same direction of flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace having a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and having a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths, material to be calcined passing first into the firing region and then into the cooling region. A portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant and to a method for the production of cement clinker from cement raw meal, the cement raw meal being preheated in a preheating zone, precalcined in a calcining zone, completely burned in a sintering combustion zone and cooled in a cooling zone, solid fuels additionally being burned in an additional combustion region, a firing region being used in the additional combustion region, the solid fuel being introduced into the firing region where it forms a fuel bed over which a supplied oxygen-containing gas flows, the resulting combustion products being removed via a discharge opening and being used in the production of cement clinker. The fuel is supplied via a conveyor device arranged outside the firing region, in such a manner that it moves the fuel bed that is present in the direction towards the discharge opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for producing clinker from raw cement material. The raw cement material is preheated in a preheater, is precalcined in a calcining apparatus, is completely burned in a sintering furnace, and is final cooled in a cooler Tertiary air of the cooler is fed to the calcining apparatus while eliminated dust is thermally treated in a dust burning reactor with the aid of combustion air and fuel. At least some of the tertiary air is fed to the dust burning reactor as combustion air while the dust that is to be treated and the combustion air penetrate the dust burning reactor in the same direction of flow.

Abstract: A magnetic levitation device includes at least two superconductor molded bodies with stored magnetic field configurations above a magnetic guide track. The at least two superconductor molded bodies have at least one of a stored magnetic field configuration with different vertical spacing from the guide track and a stored magnetic field configuration with different horizontal position with respect to the guide track. The at least two superconductor molded bodies are mechanically held in a position deviating from their stored position above the guide track and connected to one another. This abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace having a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and having a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths, material to be calcined passing first into the firing region and then into the cooling region. A portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region.