Abstract: A method and system for measuring wear in the lining of a vessel in which undirected radiation signals are transmitted by at least two transmitters at known positions to a receiver at the device for measuring wear. The distances between the transmitters and receiver are determined based on the time of flight of the radiation between the transmitters and receiver. The location of the receiver at the measuring device is determined to be at a point on an arc of points at the distance calculated based on the time of flight of the signal from each of the transmitters to the receiver. The receiver is determined to be at the intersection of the two arcs of points at the distance calculated based on the time of flight of the signal from the each of the transmitters.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring the inner space of a container provides for the measurement of the wear of the lining of a container such as a torpedo ladle optionally while the ladle is still hot. The interior lining of the container is scanned by a scanner head from a first position in the container which is at an angle relative to the vertical axis of the container. The scanner head is placed in a second position in the container at an angle relative to the vertical axis of the container and from the second position the scanner head scans the portions of the interior lining of the container which were not scanned during the first position scan. By comparing the scanning measurements of the lining from the first position scan and the second position scan after the container has been loaded and unloaded with an initial reference measurement of the lining the wear of the lining can be measured.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring the inner space of a container provides for the measurement of the wear of the lining of a container such as a torpedo ladle optionally while the ladle is still hot. The interior lining of the container is scanned by a scanner head from a first position in the container which is at an angle relative to the vertical axis of the container. The scanner head is placed in a second position in the container at an angle relative to the vertical axis of the container and from the second position the scanner head scans the portions of the interior lining of the container which were not scanned during the first position scan. By comparing the scanning measurements of the lining from the first position scan and the second position scan after the container has been loaded and unloaded with an initial reference measurement of the lining the wear of the lining can be measured.

Abstract: A method of a method for measuring wear in the lining of a metallurgical melting vessel such as a steel converter (1), by a laser scanner (2) A laser having a contouring system on a cart can be moved between measurements The laser contouring system references three permanent marks behind the cart (PM1, PM2, PM3) and two temporary marks positioned near the vessel (TM1, TM2) The distances from the movable cart to each of the five marks is determined during an initial measurement by the contouring system Every time the cart is moved and a new measurement is taken, the contouring system scans the vessel and the two temporary marks but not the permanent marks.

Abstract: An optical beam separation element for a measuring apparatus includes a reflecting component with a reflecting surface and an aperture for forming an optical channel common to the transmission and the reception directions in the optical beam separation element. The reflecting surface of the reflecting component is positioned at an angle with respect to the optical channel. The aperture extends from the reflecting surface through the optical beam separation element allowing the optical beam to pass through the optical beam separation element to the optical channel in the transmission direction. The reflecting component separates the optical beams of the reception and the transmission directions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for keeping a tuyere passing through a metallurgical vessel free of a skull by intermittendly passing an oxygen-containing gas through the tuyere to dissolve the skull, wherein it is determined that an interval for passing said oxygen-containing gas through the tuyere needs to be started by detecting electromagnetic radiation emanating from a spot in the interior of the melt by means of a dual wavelength pyrometer and comparing the intensity of the pyrometer signals with the ratio of the pyrometer signals, and initiating said interval for passing said oxygen-containing gas through the tuyere, upon the condition that the combined intensity of the signals falls below a predetermined threshold value and that the ratio of the signals remains substantially constant.

Abstract: An improved three-dimensional (3D) measuring apparatus for scanning an object and a measurement head of a measuring apparatus and a method for using the measuring apparatus for scanning an object.

Abstract: An optical beam separation element for a measuring apparatus includes a reflecting component with a reflecting surface and an aperture for forming an optical channel common to the transmission and the reception directions in the optical beam separation element. The reflecting surface of the reflecting component is positioned at an angle with respect to the optical channel. The aperture extends from the reflecting surface through the optical beam separation element allowing the optical beam to pass through the optical beam separation element to the optical channel in the transmission direction. The reflecting component separates the optical beams of the reception and the transmission directions.

Abstract: An improved three-dimensional (3D) measuring apparatus for scanning an object and a measurement head of a measuring apparatus and a method for using the measuring apparatus for scanning an object.

Abstract: To determine the carbon black distribution two measurements of spectral intensities of separately produced plasmas are carried out with different time delays relative to a particular laser pulse, the time delay for the second measurement for determining the spectral line intensities of a reference element carbon (I.sub.C') and at least one analysis element (I.sub.A.n') being smaller than for the first measurement; for determining the spectral line intensities of the reference element (I.sub.C) and the other analysis elements (I.sub.A.n).Evaluation of the measurements is performed by reference to calibration information based on reference measurements, which information shows the magnitude of the concentration ratio of the other analysis elements or the at least one analysis element to the reference element (c.sub.A.n /c.sub.C or c.sub.A.n /c.sub.R) as a function of the appurtenant intensity ratio values.

Abstract: To determine the carbon black distribution two measurements of spectral intensities of separately produced plasmas are carried out with different time delays relative to a particular laser pulse, the time delay for the second measurement for determining the spectral line intensities of a reference element carbon (I.sub.C,) and at least one analysis element (I.sub.A.n,) being smaller than for the first measurement; for determining the spectral line intensities of the reference element (I.sub.C) and the other analysis elements (I.sub.A.n).Evaluation of the measurements is performed by reference to calibration information based on reference measurements, which information shows the magnitude of the concentration ratio of the other analysis elements or the at least one analysis element to the reference element (c.sub.A.n /c.sub.C or c.sub.A.n /c.sub.R) as a function of the appurtenant intensity ratio values.

Abstract: A method of analyzing elements of a metal melt contained in a melting vessel comprises the following steps: introducing an inert gas at a temperature in excess of 300.degree. C. laterally into a tube passing through a lateral wall of the melting vessel and opening thereinto; generating a laser beam; passing the laser beam through an adjustable first lens system; reflecting the laser beam by a mirror into the tube; guiding the laser beam through a quartz window which closes the tube; generating a plasma in the tube by focusing the laser beam by the adjustable first lens system onto the surface of the metal melt in the tube; guiding the light generated by the plasma through the quartz window to an adjustable second lens system; coupling the light by the adjustable second lens system with an optical waveguide; and introducing the light by the optical waveguide into a spectrometer.

Abstract: A polychromator in a Paschen-Runge mounting in which intensity measurements are made by means of a row of photodiodes. The spectral intensity distribution of at least two spectral regions on the Rowland circle is transmitted to the row of photodiodes by image conductors and is measured there.