Abstract: The invention relates to a method of attaching a gasket (4) to a bipolar plate (12). The method comprises the steps of applying and aligning a first gasket foil (4a) to a second gasket foil (4b) having connection recesses (8), connecting the first gasket foil (4a) to the second gasket foil (4b), so that the gasket (4) is formed, placing the gasket (4) on the bipolar plate (12) so that the second gasket film (4b) with the bonding recesses (8) abuts the bipolar plate (12) and performing an embossing step in which an embossing force is applied with an embossing tool (20) in the region of the connecting recesses (8) so that an embossed adhesive point (24) is formed and the first gasket foil (4a) is bonded to the bipolar plate (12) via an adhesive means (16) arranged in the connecting recess (8) on the first gasket foil (4a).

Abstract: The invention relates to a distributor structure (12, 20), particularly a bipolar plate for a stack structure (10) of a fuel cell or of an electrolyser. The distributor structure (12, 20) comprises a channel structure (48) that interacts with at least one polymer membrane (16). The distributor structure (12, 20) is designed as a plastic part (40) that has electrically conductive properties.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug for an internal combustion engine is described. It includes a plug housing, a connection part for the electrical current that is situated on the plug housing as well as a sheathed-element heater, which is usually in the form of a tube including an embedded heating element. The connecting part and the heating element are electrically coupled by a terminal pin and a contact element. The terminal pin and the contact element are at least partially surrounded within the housing by an electrically insulating plastic sleeve.

Abstract: A pin heater in a sheathed-element glow plug and a sheathed-element glow plug for internal combustion engines, which have improved electrical and mechanical properties, are described. The pin heater has at least one essentially internal insulating layer and one essentially external first conductive layer, both layers including ceramic composite structures. The pin heater includes a second conductive layer, which also includes a ceramic composite structure. The second conductive layer is bonded to the first conductive layer in the region of a combustion chamber side tip of the pin heater. The second conductive layer runs inside the insulating layer.

Abstract: A sheathed element glow plug having an ionic current sensor and a method of operating such a sheathed element glow plug are provided. The sheathed element glow plug includes a housing and a rod-shaped heating element arranged in a concentric bore in the housing. The heating element has at least one insulation layer, a first feeder layer, and a second feeder layer, the first feeder layer and the second feeder layer being connected by a web on the combustion chamber-side end of the heating element, the first and second feeder layers and the web being made of an electrically conducting ceramic material, and the insulation layer being made of an electrically insulating ceramic material. The heating element has at least one ionic current detection electrode made of an electrically conducting ceramic material.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug having an ionic-current sensor, as well as a method for operating a sheathed-element glow plug having an ionic-current sensor are described, the sheathed-element glow plug having a housing and a rod-shaped heating element arranged in a concentric bore hole of the housing. The heating element has at least one insulating layer as well as a first lead layer and a second lead layer, the first lead layer and the second lead layer being connected via a bar at the end of the heating element on the combustion chamber side, the first and second lead layers and the bar being made of electroconductive ceramic material, and the insulating layer being made of electrically insulating ceramic material. The heating element has a first electrode for detecting ionic current and a second electrode for detecting ionic current which are embedded in the insulating layer or applied on the insulating layer.

Abstract: A sheathed-type glow plug is provided, for example, for starting a self-igniting combustion engine, including a heating pin engaging in a combustion chamber having an ignitable fuel-air mixture, which includes an electrically conductive ceramic, and which may be heated to an ignition temperature by being connected to a voltage source, the sheathed-type glow plug surrounding an integrated temperature sensor.

Abstract: A pin heater (1) in a sheathed-element glow plug (5) and a sheathed-element glow plug (5) for internal combustion engines, which have improved electrical and mechanical properties, are described. The pin heater (1) has at least one essentially internal insulating layer (10) and one essentially external first conductive layer (15, 16), both layers (10; 15, 16) including ceramic composite structures. The pin heater (1) includes a second conductive layer (20), which also includes a ceramic composite structure. The second conductive layer (20) is bonded to the first conductive layer (15, 16) in the region of a combustion chamber side tip (40) of the pin heater (1). The second conductive layer (20) runs inside the insulating layer (10).

Abstract: A ceramic sheathed-type glow plug, whose ceramic heating element is made of an electrically conductive conducting layer and an electrically insulating layer, is described. The conducting layer is made of lead layers and a heating layer. The higher specific electrical resistance of the heating layer allows the temperature of the heating layer and the combustion chamber to be determined. The electrical contact between a connector element and the heating element is established by a contacting element, which is in the form of a pellet made of an electrically conductive powder.

Abstract: A ceramic sheathed-element glow plug is proposed in which a metallic tubular holder holds a ceramic U-shaped heating device in a cantilevered fashion at its combustion chamber side end and has a terminal stud for applying a voltage to the ceramic heating device on the end remote from the combustion chamber. At its end enclosed by the holder, the ceramic heating device has a segment of greatest diameter and is coated with an insulating layer which has recesses for an electrical contacting. One recess is provided at the end of the ceramic heating device remote from the combustion chamber and a second recess is provided on the external wall of the ceramic heating device. A for an electrically conductive sealing compound is provided between the external wall of the ceramic heating device and the internal wall of the holder.

Abstract: A sheathed element glow plug having an ionic current sensor and a method of operating such a sheathed element glow plug are provided. The sheathed element glow plug includes a housing and a rod-shaped heating element arranged in a concentric bore in the housing. The heating element has at least one insulation layer, a first feeder layer, and a second feeder layer, the first feeder layer and the second feeder layer being connected by a web on the combustion chamber-side end of the heating element, the first and second feeder layers and the web being made of an electrically conducting ceramic material, and the insulation layer being made of an electrically insulating ceramic material. The heating element has at least one ionic current detection electrode made of an electrically conducting ceramic material.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug having an ionic-current sensor, as well as a method for operating a sheathed-element glow plug having an ionic-current sensor are described, the sheathed-element glow plug having a housing (3) and a rod-shaped heating element (5) arranged in a concentric bore hole of the housing. The heating element (5) has at least one insulating layer (11) as well as a first lead layer (7) and a second lead layer (9), the first lead layer (7) and the second lead layer (9) being connected via a bar (8) at end (6) of the heating element (5) on the combustion chamber side, the first and second lead layers (7, 9) and the bar (8) being made of electroconductive ceramic material, and the insulating layer (11) being made of electrically insulating ceramic material. The heating element (5) has a first electrode (33) for detecting ionic current and a second electrode (33′) for detecting ionic current which are embedded in the insulating layer (11) or are applied on the insulating layer (11).

Abstract: A ceramic sheathed element glow plug has a tubular metal casing holding a ceramic U-shaped heating device cantilevered at its end facing the combustion chamber, and on the end remote from the combustion chamber, it has a terminal pin for applying a voltage to the ceramic heating device. In the metal casing, a ceramic bushing and a ring follow the ceramic heating device at the end remote from the combustion chamber.