Abstract: A glass rod includes: a glass including a glass composition, wherein the total relative length variation of the semi-major axis tlvmajor is determined as an absolute difference between (a) a smallest semi-major axis length Imajor(n) and (b) a largest semi-major axis length Imajor(n), normalized by the average semi-major axis length lmajor(a); wherein the 50 equidistant cross-sections are positioned along the length lrod of the glass rod, starting at a position of 0.01*lrod as a first position and employing a plurality of additive increments of 0.02*lrod for each subsequent position; wherein the relative local area variation lav is determined as an absolute difference between (c) a cross-sectional area that has the largest semi-major axis length Imajor(n) and (d) an average value of the cross-sectional areas, normalized by an average value of the cross-sectional areas; wherein the quality index (tlvmajor+lav) is 0.090 or less.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for identifying phenotypic traits of an individual from nucleotide sequence data. The methods and systems are useful even when the identity of the individual or phenotypic traits of the individual is unknown.