Abstract: The invention concerns a new method for producing optically active 1-phenylethylamines, wherein (a) racemic 1-phenylethylamines are reacted with (S)-(-)-N-phenylcarbamate lactic acid in the presence of an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon and in the presence of a lower aliphatic alcohol, wherein the reaction components are measured so that for every mole of racemic amine, between 0.25 and 0.5 mole of (S)-(-)-N-phenylcarbamate lactic acid are present, the reaction mixture is then concentrated at a liquid-phase temperature of up to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new chloropyridinium chlorides of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl,R.sup.2 represents optionally substituted alkyl, andR.sup.3 represents hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl,to a process for their preparation and to their use for the preparation of chloropyridines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 5-substituted 2-chloropyridines of the formula (I) ##STR1## by reaction of acetenamides of the formula (II) ##STR2## with Vilsmeier reagent, which is prepared by reaction of dialkylformamides of the formula (III) ##STR3## with a chlorinating agent, the excess of which is removed from the reaction mixture by distillation or by addition of dialkylformamide after completion of the reaction of the Vilsmeier reagent with the acetenamide of the formula (II), wherein in the formulae (I)-(III):R represents optionally substituted alkyl or aralkyl,R.sup.1 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent straight-chain, branched or cyclic C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -alkyl.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a chloropyridine of the formula ##STR1## which comprises reacting an enamide of the formula ##STR2## with a chlorinating agent in the presence of a di-substituted formamide ##STR3## in which R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each individually is alkyl or cycloalkyl or together are alkanediyl, at a temperature between about -30.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., thereby to produce a compound of the formula ##STR4## and subjecting said compound to thermal cleavage. Compounds I are novel. Compounds IV are known intermediates for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.