Abstract: A method of controlling an HVAC system (10) that comprises least one flow regulator (16), an electromechanical actuator (20), one or more sensors (34) associated with the actuator, and a controller (32) operatively connected with the actuator and with the sensors. The method includes the steps of actuating the flow regulator, receiving signals from the sensors, and determining an actual or forthcoming malfunction based on the signals. It is determined whether the malfunction is in the actuator or the flow regulator.

Abstract: A membrane suction pump unit has a dimensionally stable membrane frame (1), a dimensionally stable monobloc membrane cover (3), which has a pump chamber (31) with a floor region and a side wall (36) encircling the floor region and widening outwards away from the floor region, and a monobloc pump membrane (2), which has a membrane plate (20), a flexible membrane piston (21), at least one inlet valve flap (23) and at least one outlet valve flap (24). The membrane plate (20) is arranged between the membrane frame (1) and the membrane cover (3), and membrane frame (1), pump membrane (2) and membrane cover (3) are connected to one another by means of connecting elements (15, 15?, 15?) in a preset position. The membrane piston (21) passes through the membrane frame (1), and the membrane piston (21) covers a pump chamber (31) of the membrane cover (3). According to the invention, there are more than three connecting elements (15, 15?, 15?), forming a material and/or positive fit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel cartridge for the supply of a fuel cell device, with an outlet device, which is formed such that it can be opened by an opening device of a cartridge receptacle device appropriate to the fuel cartridge. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cartridge receptacle device for a fuel cartridge of this type which comprises guidance and retention devices for guiding and retaining the fuel cartridge, opening devices for opening the fuel cartridge, and fuel extraction devices for extracting the fuel from the fuel cartridge. In addition the invention relates to a fuel cell device with this type of cartridge receptacle device.