Abstract: To solve the problem of still being able to use an inexpensive network controller which can store only a single transmission time, even when telegrams from a plurality of application modules need to be sent in synchronized fashion and the transmission times thereof need to be reliably ascertained and reliably associated with the respective telegrams, provided is a communication device for the synchronized sending of telegrams, a communication system including such a communication device, and a method for the synchronized sending of telegrams. The communication device comprises a coordination device.

Abstract: To solve the problem of still being able to use an inexpensive network controller which can store only a single transmission time, even when telegrams from a plurality of application modules need to be sent in synchronized fashion and the transmission times thereof need to be reliably ascertained and reliably associated with the respective telegrams, provided is a communication device for the synchronized sending of telegrams, a communication system including such a communication device, and a method for the synchronized sending of telegrams. The communication device comprises a coordination device.

Abstract: An automation device is provided, which comprises an operating system having a first system clock and a communication system having a second system clock. The first system clock is intended to control a system time cycle of the operating system, and the second system clock is intended to control a system time cycle of the communication system. Furthermore, the first system clock and the second system clock are synchronized in time.

Abstract: An automation device is provided, which comprises an operating system having a first system clock and a communication system having a second system clock. The first system clock is intended to control a system time cycle of the operating system, and the second system clock is intended to control a system time cycle of the communication system. Furthermore, the first system clock and the second system clock are synchronized in time.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell having a chamber for receiving a layer of liquid crystal material which chamber is defined by a pair of plate members joined together adjacent their edges by a substantially continuous glass solder seal characterized by the glass solder seal being provided in the form of one or more glass fibers which are interposed between the plates and fused to form the glass solder seal. To facilitate positioning the one or more glass solder fibers, positioning means are provided on one surface of one of the plates and may be protruberances which are formed either by crystallizing glass solder, or by laser bombardment of the one surface. To facilitate the obtaining of the desired spacing between the plates, each of the glass fibers may have a core which may be either hard glass or a metal such as gold which core is surrounded by a lower melting glass so that during fusion of the fiber, the core remains substantially unmelted.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell for a liquid crystal display screen having a pair of plates joined together by a frame to form a chamber for a liquid crystal layer which is hermetically sealed from the exterior of the cell and has a closable access passage characterized by the access passage receiving a ductile metal plug of a metal which is selected from a group consisting of indium, tin, lead and aluminum and a sealing coating covering the plug and a portion of the exterior of the cell surrounding the passage. In one embodiment, the passage is a groove extending inward from an edge of one of the plates and has a depth which decreases as the distance from the edge increases so that it merges with the interior surface of the plate inward of the frame which may be formed with the recess facing the groove.