Abstract: A coil of a stator winding of an electric machine is formed of a number of windings, which are wound together with a number of layers of a mica tape, on which a number of layers of a cover tape are in turn wound. The coil is a three-dimensional form-wound coil. The mica tape has a bending stiffness of less than 50 N/m according to specification IEC 60371-2:2004 and a static friction coefficient between the top side and the bottom side thereof of less than 0.7 according to specification ISO 8295:1995.

Abstract: A coil of a stator winding of an electric machine is formed of a number of windings, which are wound together with a number of layers of a mica tape, on which a number of layers of a cover tape are in turn wound. The coil is a three-dimensional form-wound coil. The mica tape has a bending stiffness of less than 50 N/m according to specification IEC 60371-2:2004 and a static friction coefficient between the top side and the bottom side thereof of less than 0.7 according to specification ISO 8295:1995.

Abstract: In a reaction chamber, which constitutes a component of a process installation for obtaining foodstuffs or foodstuff components, biological products in harvested form that are whole or in pieces are subjected to pulsed electric fields as they pass through said reaction chamber, said electric fields forming pores in the cell walls so as to irreversibly open the latter, thus making the content of the cells more easily accessible. This is achieved by electrode groups, which can be energized to a high voltage and are located in the wall of a longitudinal passage of the reactor through which the process material is moved past grounded electrodes located in an opposing longitudinal wall area. Each electrode group is connected to an electric energy accumulator such as for example, a Marx generator, by means of a switch, in order to rapidly establish electric fields of multiple directions between the charged and the grounded electrodes.

Abstract: A method for applying a bioactive, tissue-compatible layer onto a shaped article includes providing, as a target material, a bioactive glass ceramic having a S53P4 composition, cleaning a shaped article and activating a surface of the shaped article with ions. The Shaped article is exposed to a bioactive glass ceramic beam pulse ablated by a pulsed electron-beam ablation of the bioactive glass ceramic target material so as to deposit a bioactive glass ceramic layer having a thickness ranging from 1 ?m to 10 ?m on the surface of the shaped article. A respective pulse frequency of the at least one of: 1) an electron pulse of the pulse electron beam abalation, and 2) the bioactive glass ceramic beam pulse, is controlled. Prior to an implantation, so as to avoid an initial cytotoxicity, at least one of the following is performed: a) an exposure of the article at least the times to 24-hour contact with at least one of a culture medium (SBL), a de-mineralized water, and a 0.

Abstract: An improved and more gentle process for extracting useful substances from wine grapes is achieved by electroporation of the must produced from red and/or white grapes. The must is pumped or circulated before the pressing applied for must production through an installation or part of an installation and pulsed electric fields are applied therein to irreversibly rupture the biological cell walls of the grape skins. The device for carrying out must electroporation comprises a dielectric pipe, the flow duct for the must, in whose wall are arranged two mutually spaced electrodes to form a pulsed electric field between the electrodes. The must, which forms the electrolytic load of the device, has an electric resistance at least as high as the impedance of a high-voltage pulse generator connected to the device.

Abstract: In an electroporation reactor for continuously processing products in the form of pieces wherein a drum with carrier elements is rotatably supported in a housing of dielectric material in a process liquid through which the products are moved from an inlet to an outlet through a degasification zone, a reaction zone and a discharge zone at the bottom of the housing, a group of electrodes is arranged adjacent the treatment zone and a high voltage is supplied to the electrodes within not more than 3 ?sec generating between the electrodes and the grounded drum a large potential difference for the electroporation of all the walls of the process pieces while passing through the reaction zone.

Abstract: In a reaction chamber, which constitutes a component of a process installation for obtaining foodstuffs or foodstuff components, biological products in harvested form that are whole or in pieces are subjected to pulsed electric fields as they pass through said reaction chamber, said electric fields forming pores in the cell walls so as to irreversibly open the latter, thus making the content of the cells more easily accessible. This is achieved by electrode groups, which can be energized to a high voltage and are located in the wall of a longitudinal passage of the reactor through which the process material is moved past grounded electrodes located in an opposing longitudinal wall area. Each electrode group is connected to an electric energy accumulator such as for example, a Marx generator, by means of a switch, in order to rapidly establish electric fields of multiple directions between the charged and the grounded electrodes.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for processing materials comprising ashes from waste incineration plants and mineral residues to condition them in a short time by washing them and by subjecting them to electrodynamic processes and shock waves generated by high voltage spark discharges, the material is made chemically inert and aged so that it can be used immediately after treatment without harming the environment.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for processing materials comprising ashes from waste incineration plants and mineral residues to condition them in a short time by washing them and by subjecting them to electrodynamic processes and shock waves generated by high voltage spark discharges, the material is made chemically inert and aged so that it can be used immediately after treatment without harming the environment.

Abstract: In a pulsed electron beam source based on the vacuum principle, comprising a vacuum diode having a multi-point emission cathode with a flange and a plurality of emission points, a control grid, a pulse generator, a magnetic compression unit consisting of field coils, a drift chamber, a target chamber and a synchronization unit, the multipoint emission cathode is embedded in a shield electrode, and the shield electrode is connected to the cathode base by way of a resistor which is so sized that the shield electrode is capable of freely floating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spectrometer for X-radiation, including a disk which is impervious to the radiation and which has a first and a second surface provided with a plurality of channels or bores measuring a maximum of 50 .mu.m. The bores are disposed in such a manner that they extend from the first to the second disk surface and their extensions point toward a common line or a common point, with the common line or common point being located opposite the second surface. Also provided is a device with the aid of which the arching of the disk can be altered in such a way that the distance of the common line or common point from the concave surface changes.

Abstract: In a source for the generation of large-area pulsed ion or electron beams from an anode discharge electrode which has openings receiving discharge electrodes forming a vacuum arc plasma source, the discharge is safely triggered by a load which determines the total current and which consists of a parallel circuit including an ohmic resistor and a capacitor wherein the load output is adapted to the internal resistance of the pulse voltage generator. With a dimensioning of the electrical components taking into consideration given limits, a homogeneous beam of charged particles is obtained wherein the particle composition can be all the same or a homogeneous mixture of different particles depending on the choice of electrode materials.

Abstract: In an apparatus for accelerating electrically charged particles from a pulsed plasma reservoir of high particle density in a dielectric tubular chamber which extends from the reservoir and is surrounded by at least two electrodes of which one is disposed at the wall of the reservoir, the dielectric tubular chamber is partially evacuated to a sufficiently low pressure p such that the product of the gas pressure p and the inner diameter d of the tubular chamber is low enough to avoid parasitic discharges in the residual gas charge, and a voltage is applied to the electrodes such that the particles are drawn into the dielectric tubular chamber with high flow density and are accelerated therein thereby forming a charged particle beam whereby the residual gas charge in the dielectric tubular chamber is ionized along the inside wall of the tubular chamber and polarized such that the wall of the dielectric tubular chamber becomes repulsive for the charged particle beam and its axis becomes attractive whereby the cha

Abstract: A process for producing an epitaxial and/or highly texturized grown film, free of foreign phases, of a high-T.sub.c -oxide superconductor on a substrate, in which an ablation process is triggered and maintained on a spender target by means of pulsed particles or a laser beams, and the thus developing small droplets are deposited on a heated substrate. The substrate is held at a temperature at which the droplets on impact wet the substrate and coagulate into a uniform smooth film.An apparatus for this process comprises an electron source which produces a pulsed electron beam with an electron energy of about 10 to 20 keV and a current density in the range of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.4 A/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: An electron and ion accelerator includes plural spaced electrodes which are apertured to define a gas discharge path and supported at their peripheries by insulative means. A gas supply provides low pressure gas capable of producing electrons and ions in the gas discharge path. A voltage applied between the at least two electrodes establishes an electrical potential between them such that a spark-like gas discharge occurs along the gas discharge path. The current density obtainable in the low pressure gas is substantially higher than the density of an electron or ion flow in a vacuum.