Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine based on a control of a supplied fresh air quantity, the method comprising the following steps: implementing an adjustment of a throttle valve for the control of the supplied fresh air quantity as a function of a setpoint mass flow via the throttle valve; determining the setpoint mass flow via the throttle valve according to a differential equation, which is a function of a control deviation ascertained as a function of a setpoint intake manifold pressure and an actual intake manifold pressure.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a particulate filter in an exhaust aftertreatment system of a combustion engine (200) with the following steps: set up (111, 116) a pressure difference model, which models a measured pressure difference (?p) which drops across the particulate filter (210) as a function (220) of a volume flow ({dot over (V)}) through the particulate filter (210) with an offset value (a0, C); measure (120) multiple measurement values (245) for the pressure difference (?p) at different volume flows ({dot over (V)}) and solve (130) the pressure difference model as a function of the pressure difference (?p), whereby the offset value (a0, C) is also determined.

Abstract: A measuring device comprising at least two output units for output of measured values, wherein the output units are optically coupled. The optical coupling effects a lessening of the manufacturing effort as well as a galvanic isolation of the output units.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a particulate filter in an exhaust aftertreatment system of a combustion engine (200) with the following steps: set up (111, 116) a pressure difference model, which models a measured pressure difference (?p) which drops across the particulate filter (210) as a function (220) of a volume flow ({dot over (V)}) through the particulate filter (210) with an offset value (a0, C); measure (120) multiple measurement values (245) for the pressure difference (?p) at different volume flows ({dot over (V)}) and solve (130) the pressure difference model as a function of the pressure difference (?p), whereby the offset value (a0, C) is also determined.

Abstract: A measuring device comprising at least two output units for output of measured values, wherein the output units are optically coupled. The optical coupling effects a lessening of the manufacturing effort as well as a galvanic isolation of the output units.

Abstract: An insulated earthing switch for encapsulated, gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear assemblies is characterized in that an encapsulation-side earthing switch contact, a measuring electrode and an earthing switch housing are arranged altogether on a single earthing switch mounting side, and an encapsulation-side earthing switch contact and the measuring electrode are electrically insulated with respect to the earthing switch housing and the GIS housing. Exemplary embodiments contains an encapsulation-side earthing switch contact and a measuring electrode being electrically insulated from drive cables and drive rods; an encapsulation-side earthing switch contact in the form of a movable earthing switch contact or an earthing switch fixed contact; and an earthing switch housing being permanently electrically conductively connected to the GIS housing via a combined supporting and measuring flange.

Abstract: The invention relates to an earthing switch (1?) for encapsulated, gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear assemblies (13). According to invention, an insulated earthing switch (1?) is characterized in that an encapsulation-side earthing switch contact (50, 51; 500), a measuring electrode (52, 520) and an earthing switch housing (3a) are arranged altogether on a single earthing switch mounting side (3b), and in that an encapsulation-side earthing switch contact (50, 51; 500) and the measuring electrode (52, 520) are electrically insulated with respect to the earthing switch housing (3a) and the GIS housing (2).