Abstract: A boarding system for a passenger transport vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle includes: a door portal via which a floor of a passenger space of the vehicle is accessible, a door leaf with which a predominant area of a door opening is closed, a step with a step tread surface, which is arranged below the floor in the vertical direction and, in the horizontal direction, extends from the door opening to a vertical surface connecting the step tread surface and the floor, and an extendable sliding tread, which is arranged below the door leaf in the area of the door portal and which has a horizontally oriented tread surface and, at its end facing towards the door leaf, a vertically oriented front wall. A movable sealing member is provided which, in the intermediate position of the sliding tread, forms a seal against an adjacent passive sealing surface.

Abstract: A modular tread step seal assembly includes a tread step module which, using a drive unit, is movable along a movement axis from a retracted position in the direction of an extended position and vice versa. The tread step module has a tread surface extending in a tread surface plane oriented parallel to the movement axis and a tread step module front edge at a front end directed towards the outside of the vehicle. The assembly includes a sealing strip attached to the tread step module front edge and extends along the same, substantially in a sealing strip plane. The sealing strip and tread step module define, perpendicularly to the movement axis, a vertical assembly height. The sealing strip and tread surface are disposed at an angle to each other. The wherein assembly height and the angle between the sealing strip and the tread surface are adjustable via a modular mechanism.

Abstract: A door system has a door leaf configured to be moved between closed and opened positions while carrying out a door leaf movement. The door leaf is moved in the vehicle transverse direction across a door leaf movement distance in the vehicle transverse direction, a door seal, disposed underneath a lower edge of the door leaf closing off the door leaf towards the bottom, and extends along the lower edge. The door seal is arranged such that the door seal, when the door leaf movement is carried out, undergoes a door seal movement and is moved in the process in the vehicle transverse direction across a door seal movement distance in the vehicle transverse direction. An arrangement of the door leaf and door seal that ensures that the door seal movement distance in the vehicle transverse direction is smaller than the door leaf movement distance in the vehicle transverse direction.

Abstract: A tread strip for a vehicle is formed of at least two parts, an inner part and an outer part. The inner part is configured for attachment to the vehicle and/or to an outer part. The outer part is configured for attachment to the inner part and/or the vehicle. The outer part further includes an intermediate portion extending along a longitudinal axis between two attachment portions, the two attachment portions being configured for attachment to the inner part. The inner part has an intermediate portion extending along the longitudinal axis between two end portions. The end portions are configured for attachment of the inner part to the vehicle and/or for attachment to the outer part. The tread strip may be mounted to a vehicle by attaching the inner part and then attaching the outer part to the inner part and/or sealing the inner part with respect to the vehicle.

Abstract: A boarding system for a vehicle includes at least one pivotable sealing cover, which is pivotable from a walk-on first position into a non-walk-on second position, wherein the sealing cover is flush with an outer side of the vehicle in the non-walk-on second position.

Abstract: A tread strip for a vehicle is formed of at least two parts, an inner part and an outer part. The inner part is configured for attachment to the vehicle and/or to an outer part. The outer part is configured for attachment to the inner part and/or the vehicle. The outer part further includes an intermediate portion extending along a longitudinal axis between two attachment portions, the two attachment portions being configured for attachment to the inner part. The inner part has an intermediate portion extending along the longitudinal axis between two end portions. The end portions are configured for attachment of the inner part to the vehicle and/or for attachment to the outer part. The tread strip may be mounted to a vehicle by attaching the inner part and then attaching the outer part to the inner part and/or sealing the inner part with respect to the vehicle.

Abstract: Device for guiding a door element, for example, a sliding door for a passenger transport vehicle, has a first and a second guiding profiled element, wherein the two guiding profiled elements are arranged parallel to each other at a distance from each other, and three guiding elements in total, by means of which the door element is guidably connected to the two guiding profiled elements, wherein two of the guiding elements are guidably arranged on the first guiding profiled element and one of the guiding elements is guidably arranged on the second guiding profiled element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,2-pentanediol by reacting furfuryl alcohol with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system contains platinum oxide or contains ruthenium supported on aluminum oxide or activated carbon. The invention also relates to the respective catalysts and processes for producing the catalyst system.

Abstract: 1,2-diols can be obtained in good yields and in very high purity by a process of a) reacting a carbonyl compound of the general formula (I) with hydrocyanic acid to give the corresponding cyanohydrin, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently H, an optionally substituted straight-chain or branched C1-C18-alkyl radical, or an optionally substituted phenyl or C5-C6-cycloalkyl radical, b) subjecting the cyanohydrin obtained in process step a) to an acidic hydrolysis, and c) catalytically hydrogenating the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid obtained from process step b) in the presence of a noble metal catalyst comprising ruthenium and rhenium.

Abstract: 4-alkylpyrimidine is produced by reacting formamide with a formyl methyl alkyl ketone diacetal without the addition of water at a temperature that allows removal of the 4-alkylpyrimidine from the reaction mixture by distillation. The process is readily applicable on an industrial scale and succeeds without the addition of water or ammonium chloride as a catalyst and permits the production of 4-alkylpyrimidine in good yields and excellent purities without time-consuming extraction steps.

Abstract: An alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal alkoxide in granular form.

Abstract: An alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal alkoxide in granular form.

Abstract: 4-alkylpyrimidine is produced by reacting formamide with a formyl methyl alkyl ketone diacetal without the addition of water at a temperature that allows removal of the 4-alkylpyrimidine from the reaction mixture by distillation. The process is readily applicable on an industrial scale and succeeds without the addition of water or ammonium chloride as a catalyst and permits the production of 4-alkylpyrimidine in good yields and excellent purities without time-consuming extraction steps.

Abstract: Transition metals may be recovered from a salt-containing mixture containing at least one transition metal compound, salts, and organic compounds by separating from the salt-containing mixture a mixture of the transition metal compound and the salts. This mixture, together with any organic impurities, is introduced into a combustion zone, and the flue gas/salt mixture leaving the combustion zone is quenched with water. The combustion residue, containing the transition metal, is separated from the resulting quench solution, dried, and converted to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing malonic diesters by carbonylation of haloacetic esters and reaction with monohydric alcohols and a base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably a catalytic cobalt carbonyl complex, using a stirred reactor with one or more internal heat exchangers. The stirred reactor preferably contains a sparging stirrer.

Abstract: An alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal alkoxide in granular form.

Abstract: 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic diesters are prepared from malonic diesters, 1,2-dihaloethane and alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a mixture of available or in situ-produced phase transfer catalyst and polyalkylene glycol or derivatives thereof which are capped at one or both ends, in particular those with ether end groups, where the molar ratio of malonic diester: 1,2-dihaloethane: alkali metal carbonate is 1:(1 to 7):(1 to 1.4).

Abstract: A process for preparing malonic diesters by carbonylation of haloacetic esters and reaction with monohydric alcohols and a base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably a catalytic cobalt carbonyl complex, using a stirred reactor with one or more internal heat exchangers. The stirred reactor preferably contains a sparging stirrer.

Abstract: Transition metals may be recovered from a salt-containing mixture containing at least one transition metal compound, salts, and organic compounds by separating from the salt-containing mixture a mixture of the transition metal compound and the salts. This mixture, together with any organic impurities, is introduced into a combustion zone, and the flue gas/salt mixture leaving the combustion zone is quenched with water. The combustion residue, containing the transition metal, is separated from the resulting quench solution, dried, and converted to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic diesters are prepared from malonic diesters, 1,2-dihaloethane and alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a mixture of available or in situ-produced phase transfer catalyst and polyalkylene glycol or derivatives thereof which are capped at one or both ends, in particular those with ether end groups, where the molar ratio of malonic diester: 1,2-dihaloethane: alkali metal carbonate is 1:(1 to 7):(1 to 1.4).